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The passage tells us that before the discovery of vitamins

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   Frederick Hopkins advised taking proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals
   
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   polished rice was believed to be particularly healthy
   
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   citrus fruits were not included in Western diets
   
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   some specific foods were already recognized as helpful to health
   
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   scurvy and beriberi were two major causes of death
   

2. 
   According to the passage, the name vitamin is applied to "accessory factors" although
   

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   Casamir Funk didn't find it appropriate
   
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   minerals are just as important
   
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   beriberi is caused by eating too much rice
   
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   some of them are not vital in diet
   
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   not all of them contain "amines"
   

3. 
   From the information given in the passage, we can conclude that the lack of a certain type of nitrogen-containing compound in a diet
   

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   may lead to the disease called beriberi
   
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   is still very common in many parts of the world
   
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   can be corrected by eating citrus fruits
   
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   does not normally cause any health problems
   
5. 
   is common among those whose diet is rice-based
   

110 DR. DEAN ORNISH'S PROGRAM
In an age when medical science was combating heart disease with costly high- tech interventions, American physician Dean Ornish was something of a throwback. His simple, inexpensive program of lifestyle changes - which featured a low-fat, primarily vegetarian diet, moderate aerobic exercise, and daily stress management - contrasted sharply with such potentially risky treatments as bypass surgery, angioplasty, and cholesterol-lowering medication. The holistic regimen that Ornish recommended appeared not only to halt the progress of atherosclerosis - the buildup of fatty substances within the arteries - but actually to reverse it. Despite his reluctance to be labeled a guru, Ornish continued to gain enthusiastic converts following the publication in 1990 of his best-selling second book, Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease: The Only System Scientifically Proven to Reverse Heart Disease Without Drugs or Surgery. Later highlights for Ornish included the publication of a third book, Eat More, Weigh Less: Dr. Dean Ornish's Life Choice Program for Losing Weight Safely While Eating Abundantly, an invitation to the White House in 1993; and the announcement in August of the same year that Mutual of Omaha, an insurance company, would reimburse policyholders for the cost of participation in the program - the first time a major insurer had agreed to cover an "alternative" treatment for heart disease.

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