12-маvzu: Tarmoq xususiyatlari. Nazariy mashg`ulotida ta’lim texnologiyasining modeli


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№ 12 Mavzu 2.04. Kompyuter tarmoqlari va internet -

Guruh ish natijalarini baxolash mezonlari




Ko’rsatkichlar


Maks.ball

Gurux ish natijalarining baxosi

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Ma’lumotning to’liqligi

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ma’lumotni chizmali tarzda tqdim etish

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Guruhning faollik dartajasi (qo’shimcha kiritish, savol-javoblar berish)

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Ballarning maksimal xajmi

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Reja:



  1. Tarmoq xususiyati turlari

  2. Tarmoq ishonchliligi.


NAZARIY QISM

Lokal tarmoqlarning qo’llanish sohasi juda keng. Bunga ofis ishlarini avtomatlashtirish, korxona boshqaruv sistemalari, loyihalarni avtomatlashtirish texnologik jarayonlari va robototexnika komplekslari, bank va axborot sistemalari, elektron pochta sistemalarini boshqarish kiradi.

WINDOWS OSda lokal tarmog’ni sozlash va ishlatish uchun juda qulayligini albatta e’tirof etish kerak. Tarmoq bilan ishlashdan avval, agar Sizning kompyuteringiz lokal tarmoqqa ulanmagan bo’lsa, sozlash ishlari olib boriladi. Kompyuter tarmoqda ishlashi uchun uni sozlash jarayoni quyidagicha:

Avvalo kompyuterda tarmoq plata (karta) borligiga ishonch hosil qilish darkor.



RJ-45 raz’yomiga maxsus konnektor orqali simlar ulanadi.


 -konnektor.

Boot Rom mikrosxemasi tarmoqdagi boshqa kompyuterdan foydalanib, operatsion sistemani yuklash imkonini beradi. Simlar  HUBlarga ulanib tarmoq hosil qilinadi.

HUB (Switch) qurilmasidan foydalangan holda  kompyuterni tarmoqqa ulash. Hub lar xonadagi kompyuterlarni bir-biri bilan bog’lash uchun kerak bo’lsa, Switchlar binolar orasiga qo’yiladi.

Tarmoqda ishlovchi har qanday kompyuter o’z nomi, maxsus TCP-IP adresi va  ishchi guruhiga ega bo’lishi kerak. Boshqa tarmoq ishtirokchilari unga shu nom va TCP-IP adres bilan murojaat qilishlari mumkin (fayl va papka, xabar jo’natish). Windows OC o’rnatilgan kompyuterlar orasida aloqa mavjudligini tekshirish uchun ping   (bu erda TCP-IP tarmoqdagi tekshirilayotgan kompyuter adresi) buyrug’i  ishlatiladi. Masalan, ping 10.1.14.27.



BlueTooth –kabelsiz tarmoq.

BlueTooth - kabelsiz tarmoq standartidir. Ishlash radiusi 10- 100 metr oralig’i bo’lib, 2.5 GGts chastotada ishlaydi. O’tkazish tezligi 1Mbit/sek. Albatta qurilmalar ham bu standart uchun mo’ljallangan bo’lishi shart. Shuningdek, qo’l (mobilniy) telefoni bilan aloqa bog’lash mumkin. Agar telefon operatori (masalan, Uzdunrobita) Internetga bog’lash imkonini bersa, u holda kompyuterdan va qo’l telefonidan foydalangan holda simsiz Internetga bog’lanish mumkin (noutbuklar uchun juda qulay).


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