Malaria, in fact, translates from the Italian as “bad air.”
In
the 1880s, however, doctors determined that
Anopheles
mosquitoes were
responsible for transmitting the disease to humans.
The female of the
species can carry a parasitic protozoa that is passed on to
unsuspecting humans
when a mosquito feasts on a person’s blood.
What functions do the two statements in boldface fulfill with respect to the
argument presented above?
(A)
The first follows from a mistaken conclusion about a topic in
question; the second explicates the correct explanation of that topic.
(B)
The first provides an initial conjecture; the second presents
evidence that contradicts that conjecture.
(C)
The first serves to illuminate a contested assumption; the second
offers confirmation of that assumption.
(D)
The first identifies the cause of an erroneous conclusion; the
second develops a premise to support the correct conclusion.
(E)
The first provides detail about the original, and incorrect, school of
thought; the second provides the judgment later found to be true.
42. Government restrictions have severely limited the amount of stem cell
research companies in the United States can conduct. Because of these
restrictions, many scientists previously based in the United States and
specializing in the field of stem cell research have signed long-term
contracts to work for foreign companies. Recently, Congress has proposed
lifting all restrictions on stem cell research.
Which of the following conclusions can most properly be inferred from the
information above?
(A)
At least some foreign companies that conduct stem cell research
work under fewer restrictions than some United States companies do.
(B)
Because scientists previously based in the U.S. are under long-term
contracts to foreign companies, there will be a significant influx of
foreign professionals into the United States.
(C)
In all parts of the world, stem cell research is dependent on the
financial backing of local government.
(D)
In the near future, U.S. companies will no longer be at the
forefront of stem cell research.
(E)
If restrictions on stem cell research are lifted, many of the scientists
previously based in the United States will break their contracts to
return to U.S. companies.
43. If life exists elsewhere in the solar system, scientists suspect it would most
likely be on Europa, an ice covered moon orbiting Jupiter. However,
NASA recently scrapped an unmanned science mission to Europa and
reassigned most of the employees involved in the project to another project
that concerns landing an astronaut on Mars. Polls show that Americans are
far more fascinated by space travel than they are by discovering life
elsewhere in the universe. Critics argue that NASA’s decision-making
process places a greater emphasis on public interest than it does on the
importance of scientific research.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen NASA’s contention
that the critics are misinformed?
(A)
In 2013, NASA spent 30% of its total budget on developing a
space shuttle that can travel to Mars. In 2018, that figure is expected
to drop to 0%.
(B)
Studies have shown that Congress traditionally determines NASA’s
budget based on its perception of public interest in NASA’s projects.
(C)
Some scientists are convinced that a mission to Europa would add
immeasurably to our understanding of the universe; others believe
that we will gain little insight from exploring Europa.
(D)
A new telescope that has been developed in Tokyo allows
scientists to look at Europa in ways never possible before and
promises to yield more information than the planned mission was
designed to provide.
(E)
Most Americans feel that a shuttle to Mars is the next logical step
in the development of a system that will eventually allow humans to
travel to places as far away as Europa and beyond.
44. Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the
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