(C).
Translate the given information into math:
Next, find 20% of
x
, or 0.20(400) = 80.
46.
(A).
Every 3 minutes, the population increases by 20% (which is the same
as multiplying by 1.2). Beginning at 8:54am, this change would occur at
8:57am and again at 9:00am. Use the variable
x
to represent the original
quantity. Note that the 20% increase occurs twice:
x
(1.2)(1.2) = 144,000
x
= 100,000
Note that you cannot just reduce 144,000 by 20% twice, because 20% is not a
percent of 144,000—it is a percent of the unknown, original number.
Alternatively, begin from 144,000 and calculate “backwards”:
From 8:57am to 9:00am:
y
(1.2) = 144,000, so
y
=
=
120,000.
From 8:54am to 8:57am:
z
(1.2) = 120,000, so
z
=
=
100,000.
47.
(D).
Reducing a number by a percent involves multiplication; reducing a
number by a fixed amount involves subtraction. The order of operations
(PEMDAS) will make a difference.
One possible value for the item is $100. In this case, the value of Quantity A
= ($100)(0.9) – $20 = $70. The value of Quantity B = ($100 – $10)(0.80) =
$72. Here, Quantity B is greater.
However, a greater starting value may change the result, because a 20%
discount off a greater starting value can result in a much greater decrease. For
a $140 item, the value of Quantity A = ($140)(0.9) – $20 = $106. The value
of Quantity B = ($140 – $10)(0.80) = $104. Here, Quantity A is greater. The
relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
48.
(B).
20% less than 300 is the same as 80% of 300, or 0.80(300) = 240.
The question is “240 is what percent greater than 180?”
Percent Change =
Percent Change =
49.
(D).
First find the volume of oil in the bucket. The oil fills 35% of the
bucket’s 20-gallon volume, or (20)(0.35) = 7 gallons of oil.
These 7 gallons originally filled 40% of the tank. If
T
is the volume of the
tank,
T
(0.4) = 7, so
T
= 17.5 gallons.
50.
(A).
First, find the value of 150 increased by 60%: (150)(1.6) = 240. If
240 were then decreased by
y
%, the result would be 192. Because 240 is
decreased by 48 to get 192, the question can be rephrased: 48 is what percent
of 240?
51.
(D).
“150% greater than 200” means 150% of 200, or 300,
added back to
200. This is the not the same figure as 150%
of
200. Thus, 150% greater than
200 is 200 + (200)(1.5) = 500.
50% of 500 = 250. Translate the question as “500 is what percent greater than
250?” Since 500 is twice 250, it is 100% greater than 250.
Alternatively, use the percent change formula.
Percent Change =
Percent Change =
52.
(C).
A 16-ounce mix that contains 10% sesame by weight has 1.6 ounces
of sesame. It might be tempting to think that adding another 1.6 ounces would
make a mixture that is 20% sesame. However, this is incorrect—adding 1.6
ounces of sesame will also add 1.6 ounces to the total amount of seed in the
jar, reducing the concentration of sesame in the mix:
= 18.18%.
Instead, write an equation expressing the ratio of sesame to the total mixture,
where
x
is the amount of sesame to add; this equals the desired 20% (or
)
figure:
Cross-multiply and solve for
x
:
5(1.6 +
x
) = 16 +
x
8 + 5
x
= 16 +
x
4
x
= 8
x
= 2
53.
(C).
It is always the case that, for two positive quantities,
M
% of
N
=
N
%
of
M
. In this case, (
a
+
b
) makes the problem appear more complicated, but
the principle still applies. Algebraically:
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