Quantity A
The greatest possible value for
x
Quantity B
Twice the greatest possible value
for
y
30.
Quantity A
The number of distinct prime
factors of 100,000
Quantity B
The number of distinct prime
factors of 99,000
31. Which of the following values times 12 is not a multiple of 64?
Indicate all such values.
6
6
12
2
18
3
30
3
222
32. If 3
x
(5
2
) is divided by 3
5
(5
3
), the quotient terminates with one decimal
digit. If
x
> 0, which of the following statements must be true?
(A)
x
is even
(B)
x
is odd
(C)
x
< 5
(D)
x
≥ 5
(E)
x
= 5
33.
abc
is a three-digit number in which
a
is the hundreds digit,
b
is the tens
digit, and
c
is the units digit. Let &(
abc
)& = (2
a
)(3
b
)(5
c
). For example, &
(203)& = (2
2
)(3
0
)(5
3
) = 500. For how many three-digit numbers
abc
does
the function &(
abc
)& yield a prime number?
(A)
Zero
(B)
One
(C)
Two
(D)
Three
(E)
Nine
Divisibility and Primes Answers
1.
4.
If
x
is a positive integer such that
is also an integer, then
x
must be a
factor of 65. The factors of 65 are 1, 5, 13, and 65. Thus, there are four
positive integer values of
x
such that
is an integer.
2.
(E).
Notice that the problem did
not
say that
x
had to be an integer.
Therefore, the factors of 20 will work (1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20), but so will 0.5, 0.1,
0.25, 2.5, etc. It is possible to divide 20 into fractional parts—for instance,
something 20 inches long could be divided evenly into quarter inches (there
would be 80 of them, as
= 80). There are an infinite number of
x
values that would work (it is possible to divide 20 into thousandths,
millionths, etc.), so the answer is (E). It is very important on the GRE to
notice whether there is an integer constraint on a variable or not! Any answer
like “More than 10” should be a clue that this problem may be less
straightforward than it seems.
3.
(C).
The
positive factors
of 10 are 1 & 10, and 2 & 5. Since there are four
positive factors, Quantity A is 4.
The
prime factors
of 210 are 2, 3, 5, and 7:
Because 210 has four prime factors, Quantity B is also 4. The two quantities
are equal.
4.
(A).
The least common multiple of 22 and 6 is 66. One way to find the least
common multiple is to list the larger number’s multiples (it is more efficient
to begin with the larger number) until reaching a multiple that the other
number goes into. The multiples of 22 are 22, 44, 66, 88, etc. The smallest of
these that 6 goes into is 66.
The greatest common factor of 66 and 99 is 33. One way to find the greatest
common factor is to list all the factors of one of the numbers, and then pick
the greatest one that also goes into the other number. For instance, the factors
of 66 are 1 & 66, 2 & 33, 3 & 22, and 6 & 11. The greatest of these that also
goes into 99 is 33. Thus, Quantity A is greater.
5.
(C).
The number of students must be divisible by 10, 12, and 16. So the
question is really asking, “What is the least common multiple of 10, 12, and
16?” Since all of the answer choices end in 0, each is divisible by 10. Just use
the calculator to test which choices are also divisible by 12 and 16. Because
the question asks for the minimum, start by checking the smallest choices.
Since
and
are not integers, the smallest choice that works is 240.
6.
(B).
“Distinct” means different from each other. To find distinct prime
factors, make a prime factor tree, and then disregard any repeated prime
factors. The integer 27 breaks down into 3 × 3 × 3. Thus, 27 has only 1
distinct prime factor. The integer 18 breaks down into 2 × 3 × 3. Thus, 18 has
2 distinct prime factors.
7.
(D).
Pick one of the numbers and list all of its factors. The factors of 120
are: 1 & 120, 2 & 60, 3 & 40, 4 & 30, 5 & 24, 6 & 20, 8 & 15, 10 & 12. Since
the problem specifically asks for factors “greater than 1,” eliminate 1 now.
Now cross off any factors that do
not
go into 210:
Now cross off any factors remaining that do
not
go into 270. Interestingly, all
of the remaining factors (2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30)
do
go into 270. There are
seven shared factors.
8.
(C).
In order to distribute $4,000 and 180 pencils evenly, the number of
employees must be a factor of each of these two numbers. Because the
question asks for the greatest number of employees possible, start by
checking the greatest choices:
(E) $4,000 could not be evenly distributed among 180 employees
(although 180 pencils could).
(D) $4,000 could be evenly divided among 40 people, but 180 pencils
could not.
(C) is the greatest choice that works—$4,000 and 180 pencils could each
be evenly distributed among 20 people.
Alternatively, find the greatest common factor (GCF) of the two numbers.
Factor: 4,000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 2
5
× 5
3
and 180 = 2 × 2 × 3 ×
3 × 5 = 2
2
× 3
2
× 5. These numbers have 2 × 2 × 5 in common, so 20 is the
GCF.
9.
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