LITERATURE REVIEW
Richards (2001) declared that "Authentic materials refers to the use in the teaching
of texts, photographs, video selections, and other teaching resources that were not
specially prepared for pedagogical purposes." Hence, Corley and Esra (2007)
stated that "Authentic materials are print, video, and audio materials students
encounter in their daily lives, such as change-of-address forms, job applications,
menus, voice mail messages, radio programs, and videos. Authentic materials are
not created specifically to be used in the classroom, but they make excellent
learning tools for students precisely because they are authentic.” Ruiz (2015) said
that "Authentic materials should be put into practice in any foreign language
classroom as they provide learners and facilitators the tools to make their lessons
more realistic, for that, teachers must take into account the importance of the input
inside the classroom, otherwise, students’ won´t able to learn what it is proposed.”
The advantage of using authentic materials according to Heitler (2005), first is
authentic materials bring learners into direct contact with a real level. Second is
authentic materials drawn from periodicals are always up-to-date and constantly
being updated. Third, is authentic materials tend to work inconsistent areas of
language, and fourth is authentic materials provide teachers with a source of up-to-
date materials that can be directly relevant to English learners’ needs. Katamba
(1994, p. 1) said that, “… , words are a very rewarding object of study. An
understanding of the nature of words provides us with a key that opens the door to
an understanding of important aspects of the nature of language in general. Words
give us a panoramic view of the entire field of linguistics because they impinge on
every aspect of language structure.” Alqahtani (2015) exclaimed that vocabulary
knowledge is often viewed as a critical tool for second language learners because a
limited vocabulary in a second language impedes successful communication. He
claimed that it is impossible to learn a language without words, yet the
communication between human beings is based on words. According to Viera
(2017, p. 90), "Vocabulary knowledge is viewed as an essential tool for mastering
any language skills; it also contributes to the understanding of written and spoken
texts. Thus, while more frequent the exposure to vocabulary is, learners are more
confident to understand and interpret the meaning of some unknown words from
context.” He continued his statement with, “Words are one of the fundamental
components in the mental processes to acquire languages, which are learned in
both ways: incidental and intentional.” The effect of multimedia in learning
English led the teachers to develop the materials based on the need of the students
as stated by Mthethwa (2018, p. 69) that, “This has led some language teachers to
develop their materials and present them using multimedia. The teachers’ creation
of tailored learning materials allows the teacher to develop materials that suit both
the context and cognitive levels of the students.” One pedagogical method
involving technology that has gained the interest and attention of many researchers
is introducing new words with computer vocabulary teaching programs or software
(Lu, in Khiyabani, Ghonsooly and Ghabanchi, 2014). Aninda (2015) states that
"Teaching vocabulary using multimedia is effective for the teacher because it
makes them easily deliver the materials, especially vocabulary. The use of 4
multimedia will be helpful to students if the teacher is creative in combining it in
teaching and know the level of the students' ability so that the students can follow
the lesson well." Therefore, Hadley (2001) said that teaching language by using
internet website and multimedia offer both teachers and students an ever-
increasing source of authentic material for the classroom. Related Studies A study
has been conducted by Nurriya (2018) entitled, “Authentic Materials in
Vocabulary Development Process”. She has investigated the effects of authentic
materials on vocabulary at Kimiyae Danesh Institute, Yasuj, Iran. The study
focused on how authentic materials facilitate vocabulary development. She found
out that using authentic material is a very good way to the acquisition of
vocabulary and it plays an important role in teaching a second language. She
recommended using authentic materials to all the language teachers. The other
study has done by Hidayati & Pratiwi (2016) entitled, “The Use of Authentic
Material in Teaching Vocabulary: An Experimental Study the first grader of
SMAN 1 Batukliang in Academic Year 2015/2016. This research was aimed to
find out the use of authentic material in teaching vocabulary. The researchers
found out that the use of authentic material was effective in teaching vocabulary.
Ruiz, Aguilar, and Orozco (2015) have done a study entitled, "The Implementation
of Authentic Material for Teaching Vocabulary in an ESL Context." It is
concluded that it is important for teachers to prepare lessons using authentic
materials to teach new vocabulary to students, but the teacher must take into
account the needs, interests, ages, and capabilities of those students when planning
the classes; also, preparing the lectures using these type of materials is
timeconsuming, but it is meaningful and helpful for both teachers and learners
themselves. Shi (2017) has done a study about the use of multimedia entitled,
"Application of Multimedia Technology in Vocabulary Learning for Engineering
Students." The purpose of this study is to test whether it is effective to use
computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in individualized learning and whether
multimedia CAI techniques can improve vocabulary learning and memory.
According to the analysis of the experimental data, CAI-supported vocabulary
learning is more effective than traditional methods. The results showed that,
through CAI, knowledge can be learned faster and retained longer in the students’
memory. Aninda (2015) has conducted a study entitled, “The Use of Multimedia in
teaching vocabulary to the First Grade Students at SMP Muhammadiyah 7
Surakarta in 2014/2015 Academic Year.” This was qualitative research and the
purpose of this study was to describe the use of media in teaching vocabulary to
the first-grade students and to know the students’ response towards the use of
multimedia in teaching vocabulary. The result of the research showed that the use
of multimedia in teaching vocabulary can make the students understand the
material well. A study was done by Khiyabani, Ghonsooly, and Ghabanchi (2014)
entitled, “Using Multimedia in Teaching Vocabulary in High School Classes.” The
purpose of this study was tried to observe the impact of using multimedia on
teaching vocabulary to see if multimedia could improve vocabulary learning in
high school classes. Based on the findings, they suggested that using multimedia
was more effective in the acquisition and learning of unknown vocabulary than
traditional methods. It had a positive effect on the retention of vocabulary
knowledge. Therefore, the use of multimedia provided the bridge to a deeper
understanding. 5 Theoretical Framework Several studies have been conducted on
the influence of authentic materials to enhance students’ vocabulary during a
language learning process. In a related study, Nuriyya (2018) stated that using
authentic material is a very good way to the acquisition of vocabulary and it plays
an important role in teaching a second language, and the authentic materials are
recommended to be used by all the language teachers. She has conducted a
research study on the effect of authentic materials on vocabulary, this study was
conducted at A Kimiyae-Danesh Institute located in Yasuj, Iran where the
population was 50 IELTS students that were randomly selected. To carried out the
research, the IELTS classes were observed several times and then a self-reported
questionnaire was distributed to all students of the chosen classes. The results
showed that most of the students prefer using authentic materials for vocabulary
acquisition. The other study has done by Hidayati and Pratiwi (2016). This
research was aimed to find out the use of authentic material in teaching
vocabulary. The population of this study was the class X1 of SMAN 1 Batukliang,
the first-grader students. Each class consisted of 30 students, so the total
population was 60 students. The data gathered for this study were taken from the
pre-test and post-test which given to the experimental and control group before and
after the treatment. They indicated that authentic material is an effective material
for media classroom lessons using real media where all the real material around the
students are brought into the classroom so that students can understand quickly.
Therefore, the use of authentic material affects teaching vocabulary.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |