A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Peninsular India Madepalli Byrappa Gowdu viswanathan
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- Madepalli Byrappa Gowdu VISWANATHAN
- Syzygium agastyamalayanum
- Characters S. agastyamalayanum S. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum
- Acknowledgements
| 113 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2008 • 30 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com
Bharathidasan University, Department of Plant Science, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu (India) vinaa@rediffmail.com Ulaganathan MANIKANDAN Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Alwarkurichi 627 412, Tamil Nadu (India) KEY WORDS Myrtaceae, Syzygium, Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Agastyamalai hills, Peninsular India, critically endangered, new species. Viswanathan M. B. & Manikandan U. 2008. — A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Peninsular India. Adansonia, sér. 3, 30 (1) : 113-118.
ABSTRACT A new species of Myrtaceae, Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Man- ik., sp. nov., is described here from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the Agastyamalai hills of the Southern Western Ghats in Peninsular India. Th is species is allied to Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeylanicum by habit being trees, opposite leaves, terminal and axillary umbellate panicular type of infl orescence, fl owers in umbellules, funneliform hypanthium, 4- or 5- merous sepals and petals, many stamens of diff erent lengths, 2-locular ovary with many ovules and 1-seeded berries but diff ers by leaves being obovate, obovate- oblanceolate or elliptic, acute at base, obtusely acute or subacute, rarely retuse at apex; secondary veins 14-20 pairs, without shorter intermediaries, uniform, prominent, brochidodromous; intramarginal vein prominent; petioles short, turgid, up to 4 mm long; hypanthium brown-punctate; sepals semi-circular, rounded at apex; petals reniform-orbicular, cordate or rounded at base, undulate at margin, obtuse at apex, punctate; berries subglobose or globose, 14.5-15 mm across, pink to dark black, glabrous; and seed c. 10 × 8 mm. Using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the conservation status of the species is assessed as critically endangered based on the fi eld data.
114 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2008 • 30 (1) Viswanathan M. B. & Manikandan U. INTRODUCTION Th e genus Syzygium R.Br. ex Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) is represented by over 1200 species distributed in the African and Asian tropics, Malesia, Australia and SW Pacifi c (Parnell et al. 2007) wherein 108 species are present in India (Duthie 1878-1879) and 30 (Ashton 1981) or 31 species in Sri Lanka (Kostermans 1981). Of which, 12 species and one subspecies were regarded as endemics. Sub- sequently, two Sri Lankan endemics, S. makul Gaertn. and S. neesianum Arn., were reported from Silent Valley in the Palakkad (Palghat) District of Kerala State, India ( Manilal & Sabu 1984). Over the last several decades, 10 additional spe- cies have been described from India, including
Jomy 1999) and S. parameswaranii Mohanan & Henry (Mohanan & Henry 1987) from Kerala State, S. zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. ellipticum Henry, Chandrabose & N.C.Nair (Henry et al. 1980),
vikumar & Lakshmanan from Tamil Nadu State (Ravikumar 1999). In 1987, Chithra reported 30 species and three varieties from Tamil Nadu State in India. Murugan et al. (2002), while reporting
ently indicated that their report was an addition to the Indian fl ora. Further, the twig (Fig. 1A) diff ers from that of the type (BM000754861, Natural History Museum, London, and Wight [1843: t. 533; 1850: t. 15]). Several researchers, includ- ing the authors of the present paper, have collected
Nadu State (Mohanan & Henry 1987). One more new species, S. agastyamalayanum, is described here by us from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India. Altogether, the genus in Tamil Nadu State now comprises 33 species and four varieties, with 13 species shared by the Indian and Sri Lankan fl oras. RÉSUMÉ Une nouvelle espèce de Syzygium (Myrtaceae) de la Réserve de tigres de Kalakkad- Mundanthurai en Inde péninsulaire. Une nouvelle espèce de Myrtaceae, Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik., sp. nov., est décrite de la Réserve de tigres de Kalakkad-Mundanthurai, située dans les collines d’Agastyamalai, au sud des Ghâts occidentaux d’Inde péninsulaire. Cette espèce est proche de Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeyla-
ou axillaire de type ombellé-paniculé, ses fl eurs en ombellules, son hypanthium tubulaire, ses sépales et pétales 4- ou 5-mères, la présence de nombreuses étamines inégales, un ovaire biloculaire multiovulé et des baies uniséminées ; mais elle en diff ère par ses feuilles obovales, obovales-oblancéolées ou elliptiques, aiguës à la base, et obtusément aiguës ou subaiguës, rarement émarginées à l’apex ; ses 14-20 paires de nervures secondaires, sans nervilles plus courtes, uniformes, saillantes, brochidodromes ; la nervure intramarginale proéminente ; les pétioles courts, robustes, mesurant jusqu’à 4 mm de long ; l’hypanthium ponctué de brun ; les sépales semi-circulaires, arrondis à l’apex ; les pétales réniformes-orbiculaires, cordés ou arrondis à la base, à marge ondulée, obtus à l’apex, tachetés ; les baies plutôt globuleuses, de 14,5-15 mm de diamètre, roses à noires, glabres ; et la graine d’environ 10 × 8 mm. Cette espèce est, d’après les données de terrain, estimée comme en danger critique d’extinction, selon les critères et catégories de la liste rouge de l’UICN.
Myrtaceae, Syzygium, Réserve de tigres de Kalakkad-Mundanthurai, collines d'Agastyamalai, Inde péninsulaire, en danger critique d'extinction, espèce nouvelle. 115 A new Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from India ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2008 • 30 (1) MATERIALS AND METHODS During an intensive botanical survey of the Kalakkad- Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu State of India, the senior author collected fl owering and fruiting specimens of a species of Syzygium that did not match any of the described species of Syzygium in the world. Based on a scrutiny of published and available literatures, we therefore described the plant from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve as a new species. SYSTEMATICS Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik., sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeylanicum affi nis, sed foliis obovatis, obovato-oblanceolatis vel ellipticis, base acutis, apice obtuse acutis vel subacutis, rare retusis; nervis secondariis 14-20 paribus sine nervis intermediis, uniformibus ad distinctum nervum intramarginalem conjunctis; petiolis turgidis, ad 4 mm longis; hypanthium brunneo-punctatis, sepalis semicircularibus, apice rotundatis; petalis reniformi- orbiculariis, base cordatis vel rotundatis, margine undulatis, apice obtusis, punctatis; baccis subglobosis vel globosis, 14.5-15 mm in diam., roseus ad atro-nigricus, glabris et seminibus c. 10 × 8 mm, diff ert. T YPUS . — India, Tamil Nadu State, Kalakkad-Mundan- thurai Tiger Reserve (8°20’-8°53’N, 77°10’-77°35’E), Upper Kodayar, c. 900 m, 23.I.1999, Viswanathan 3204 (holo-, MH; iso-, herbarium of the Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University). P ARATYPES . — India, Tamil Nadu State, Kalakkad-Mun- danthurai Tiger Reserve (8°20’-8°53’N, 77°10’-77°35’E), Agastiyar Peak, c. 1700 m, 14.IV.1999, Viswanathan
Environmental Sciences). D ESCRIPTION Trees, up to 15 m high; branchlets many, 4-angled at fi rst, later subterete, lenticellate; internodes 8-32 × 2-7 mm. Leaves opposite, obovate, obovate-oblanceo- late or elliptic, 3-6.6 × 1.5-2.9 cm, coriaceous, acute at base, recurved at margin, obtusely acute or subacute, rarely retuse at apex, glabrous; midrib canaliculate above, prominently raised beneath, terete; second- ary veins 14-20 pairs, opposite, brochido dromous; intramarginal vein prominent; petiole turgid, 2-4 × 1-1.5 mm, glabrous. Infl orescences both terminal and axillary umbellate panicles, 3-4 × 3-4.5 cm, glabrous; peduncles 4-angled, glabrous; primary axes 5-10 × 1-1.5 mm; secondary axes 5-8 × 0.8-1 mm. Flowers 10-20 in each umbellule; pedicels 2-6 × 1-1.5 mm, slender. Hypanthium funneliform, c. 2.5 × 4.5 mm, brown-punctate. Sepals 4 or 5, semi-circular in outline, c. 1 × 2.5 mm, entire at margin, rounded at apex, glabrous. Petals 4 or 5, white, concave, reniform-or- bicular, 2-2.8 × 2.4-2.6 mm, membranous, cordate or rounded at base, undulate at margin, obtuse at apex, punctate, glabrous; punctate numerous. Sta- mens many, of diff erent lengths, 2.7-7.5 × 0.7-1 mm, glabrous; fi laments yellow, 1.8-6 × 0.4-1.1 mm, in- curved; anthers yellow, reniform, c. 1.1 × 0.9 mm. Ovary obovate, fl eshy, c. 3.8 × 2.5 mm; locules 2; ovules many; style yellow, glabrous; stigma minute. Berries pink to dark black, subglobose or globose, 15-17 × 14.5-15 mm, glabrous. Seed pale brown, solitary, subglobose, c. 10 × 8 mm, glabrous. D ISTRIBUTION A strict endemic of the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the Tamil Nadu State in the Agastyamalai hills of the Southern Western Ghats in Peninsular India. H ABITAT
AND
ECOLOGY
Th is species occurs in southern tropical wet evergreen forests in association with several tree species, includ- ing Aglaia elaeagnoidea (Juss.) Benth. var. bourdillonii (Gamble) N.C.Nair, Euphorbia vajravelui Binojk. & N.P.Balakr., Saprosma corymbosum (Bedd.) Bedd., Vernonia travancorica Hook.f. and Wendlandia bicus- pidata Wight & Arn. and with the following shrub, Sarcandra chloranthoides Gardner, herbs of Impatiens hensloviana Arn., Sonerila sadasivanii M.P.Nayar, S. tinnevelliensis Fischer, and S. travancorica Bedd. as well as the parasite Balano phora indica (Arn.) Griff . var. agastyamalayana M.B.Viswan., Prem Kumar & Ramesh and the epiphyte Dendrobium panduratum Lindl. subsp. villosum Gopalan & Henry. P HENOLOGY Flowering in January and February; fruiting in March and April. 116 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2008 • 30 (1) Viswanathan M. B. & Manikandan U. A B C D E F G H I J K L M F IG . 1. — Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik., sp. nov.: A, habit (fl owering twig); B, bud; C, fl ower without petals; D, sepal (dorsal side); E, petal (dorsal side); F, petal (ventral side); G, H, stamens; I, ovary; J, longitudinal section of ovary; K, trans- verse section of ovary; L, berry; M, seed. A-K, Viswanathan 3204; L, M, Viswanathan 3596. Scale bars: A, L, 10 mm; B, C, I, J, 5 mm; D, 1 mm; E-H, 2 mm; K, 2.5 mm; M, 11 mm. C ONSERVATION STATUS
Field observations made between 1998 and 2002 indicate that Syzygium agastyamalayanum has an area extent (as defi ned by IUCN 2001) of less than 100 km
2 (B1); severely fragmented subpopula- tions (a); extreme fl uctuation (c); only two locations (iii) and does not exceed 50 mature individuals (iv). Using the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2001), we assess the conservation status of the species as critically endangered (CR).
117 A new Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from India ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2008 • 30 (1) T ABLE 1. — Characters distinguishing Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik., sp. nov. from S. zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeylanicum. Characters S. agastyamalayanum S. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum Leaves
obovate, obovate-oblanceolate or elliptic, acute at base, obtusely acute or subacute, rarely retuse at apex ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, rounded or narrowed at base, acuminate at apex
Secondary veins 14-20 pairs, without shorter intermediaries, uniform, prominent, brochidodromous 10-14 pairs, with shorter intermediaries, not uniform, obscure, not brochidodromous Intramarginal vein prominent obscure Petioles
short, turgid, up to 4 mm long well-developed, slender, up to 7 mm long Hypanthium brown-punctate grey-pruinose Sepals
semi-circular, rounded at apex ovate, obtuse or subacute at apex Petals reniform-orbicular, cordate or rounded at base, undulate at margin, obtuse at apex, punctate broadly orbicular, truncate at base, entire at margin, rounded or obtusely acute at apex, not punctate Berries subglobose or globose, 14.5-15 mm across, pink to dark black, glabrous broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, 4-8 mm across, white, pruinose Seed size c. 10 × 8 mm c. 6.5 × 5.5 mm E TYMOLOGY Syzygium agastyamalayanum is so named because it comes from the Agastyamalai Hills from where type specimen was collected. R EMARKS Syzygium agastyamalayanum M.B.Viswan. & Manik., sp. nov. most closely resembles S. zeylanicum (L.) DC. var. zeylanicum. However, distinguishing char- acters are shown in Table 1. Acknowledgements Th e authors are grateful to the Ministry of Envi- ronment & Forests, New Delhi, for funding the project, Dr Victoria Noble, Curator of Flowering Plants at BM, for having provided scanned images (BM000754861-3) and Prof. Simon Owens, Keeper at K, and Dr P. Lakshminarasimhan, Indian Liaison Offi cer based at K, and Dr H. J. Chowdhery, Joint Director, Central National Herbarium at CAL, for cibachromes of type specimens. Th e authors heartily thank the scientists of Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore in particular Dr P. Daniel, then Joint Director, for permission to refer MH and Dr V. J. Nair, Scientist Emeritus, for preparing the latin diagnosis. Literature help of Dr A. G. Pandurangan, Head, Plant Systematics & Evolutionary Science at TBGT, is gratefully acknowledged. Th e authors sincerely thank Mr R. P. S. Katwal I. F. S., former Chief Wildlife Warden, Chennai, and Dr V. K. Melkani I. F. S., former Field Director and Con- servator of Forests, Project Tiger, Tirunelveli, for permission to carry out the fi eld research and to collect specimens. Mr S. S. Mariappan is thanked for the illustration. REFERENCES A SHTON P. S. 1981. — Syzygium, in D ASSANAYAKE M. D. & F
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R. 1850. — Illustrations of Indian Botany, vol. 2. P. R. Hunt, Madras, 456 pls. Submitted on 13 July 2007; accepted on 4 March 2008. Каталог: sites -> default -> files -> articles -> pdf files -> Parodontologie files -> Бу хмао-югры files -> Schedule b financial Contributions for Transition in the files -> Guidance note on transferring contributions from one un agency to another for the purpose of programmatic activities pdf -> Adansonia 37 (2), 2015 Index des nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales pdf -> Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle pdf -> Mots clés syzygium, Myrtaceae, Indochine, Cambodge, Laos, Viêtnam, révision taxonomique, lectotypification. Key words pdf -> RÉsumé Description de Syzygium guehoi Bosser & Florens (Myrtaceae), nouvelle espèce de l’île Maurice affine de S. cymosum (Lam.) Dc var cymosum des Mascareignes, et de la var montanum J. Guého & A. J. Scott de la Réunion. Abstract Поделитесь с Вашими друзьями:
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