divergent thinking is no longer considered to be synonymous with creative ability,
it is nevertheless an important component of creative potential (Runco 1991).
When we consider scientific products, we can distinguish between technical
products, advances in science knowledge, understanding of scientific phenomena,
and scientific problem solving. Cattell (1971) argued that problem solving does not
mean solving routine problems using a recipe but finding the answers to new
problems. Lubart (1994) pointed out that problem solving can lead to creativity
because if a problem exists then there is the possibility of creative solution.
Sensitivity to science problems is also considered a component dimension of scien-
tific creativity. Ochse (1990) argued that sensitivity to problems is an important
feature of the creative process. Einstein and Infield (1938) suggested that the
formulation of a problem is often more important than its solution, which may
be a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. Products provide us with the
second dimension of our model.
Einstein argued that language, as it is written or spoken, did not seem to play a
significant role in his mechanism of thought. He referred rather to psychical signs
and more or less clear images which seemed to be voluntarily reproduced and
combined (Einstein 1952: 43). This role of imagination is also supported by psy-
chologists (Gardner 1983, Johnson-Laird 1987). This suggests a distinction
between creative imagination and creative thinking and this is built into the
third, process, dimension of our model.
The three-dimensional Scientific Structure Creativity Model (SSCM) which
arises from this analysis is shown in figure 1. The proposed structure is designed
as a theoretical foundation on which the measurement of scientific creativity,
A SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY TEST FOR STUDENTS
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