Academic/General Training Module by Adam Smith First Published in 2015

 

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 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
116 
Exercise 55: Paragraph headings 
The best technique for these questions is to do the shortest paragraphs first. Do long 
paragraphs last when you have fewer headings to choose from. 
Match the paragraphs below with one of the following headings 
1. Parents’ influence is a key factor 
2. Encouragement to make their mark in society 
3. The influence of friends 
4. A difficult stage in life 
5. Teenage culture 
6. Trying to find out who they are 
 
Adolescent Psychology 
 
A) Adolescent psychology is associated with notable changes in mood sometimes 
known as mood swings. Cognitive, emotional and attitudinal changes which are 
characteristic of adolescence, often take place during this period, and this can be a 
cause of conflict on one hand and positive personality development on the other. 
Because adolescents are experiencing various strong cognitive and physical changes, 
for the first time in their lives they may start to view their friends, their peer group, as 
more important and influential than their parents/guardians. Because of peer 
pressure, they may sometimes indulge in activities not deemed socially acceptable, 
although this may be more of a social phenomenon than a psychological one. 
B) The home is an important aspect of adolescent psychology. Home environment and 
family have a substantial impact on the developing minds of teenagers, and these 
developments may reach a climax during adolescence. Responsible parenting has a 
number of significant benefits for parents themselves, their communities, and most 
importantly, their children. For example, children who experience significant father 
involvement tend to exhibit higher scores on assessments of cognitive development, 
enhanced social skills and fewer behaviour problems. 
C) In the search for a unique social identity for themselves, adolescents are frequently 
confused about what is 'right' and what is 'wrong.' G. Stanley Hall denoted this period 
as one of "Storm and Stress" and, according to him, conflict at this developmental 
stage is normal and not unusual. Margaret Mead, on the other hand, attributed the 
behaviour of adolescents to their culture and upbringing.
D) Positive psychology is sometimes brought up when addressing adolescent 
psychology as well. This approach towards adolescents refers to providing them with 

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