Academic/General Training Module by Adam Smith First Published in 2015

Are the following statements true, false or not given? 
1. When repeated by other researchers, the experiment was less successful. 
2. Children were offered a second marshmallow if they managed not to eat the 
first one. 
3. Scientists found a correlation between resisting temptation and future 
success. 

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 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
109 
Exercise 49: True, False, Not Given 
Read the following text about photosynthesis in plants.
Although some of the steps in photosynthesis are still not completely 
understood, the overall photosynthetic equation has been known since the 
1800s. 
Jan van Helmont began the research of the process in the mid-1600s when he 
carefully measured the mass of the soil used by a plant and the mass of the 
plant as it grew. After noticing that the soil mass changed very little, he 
hypothesised that the mass of the growing plant must come from the water, the 
only substance he added to the potted plant. His hypothesis was partially 
accurate—much of the gained mass also comes from carbon dioxide as well as 
water. 
In 1796, Jean Senebier, a Swiss pastor, botanist, and naturalist, demonstrated 
that green plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen under the 
influence of light. Soon afterwards, Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure showed that 
the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of 
CO2, but also to the incorporation of water. 
According to the text, are the following statements true, false or not given? 
1. We now fully understand the process of photosynthesis.
2. Van Helmont's hypothesis did not take into account that plants consume carbon 
dioxide.
3. De Saussure demonstrated that both carbon dioxide and water contribute to an 
increase in mass in plants as they grow.