Poles and Zeros An alternative way of representing a transfer functions is to use the pole-zero description. If you
solve the numerator polynomial you get the zeros. So called because the transfer function is zero
at that value. If you solve the denominator polynomial, you get the poles. They are called poles
because if you plot the absolute value of a transfer function, it looks a bit like a tent, with the
poles being the location of the tent poles.
The transfer function from the circuit example can then be represented in its pole zero form:
𝐻(𝑠) = 𝐾
(𝑠 − 𝑧
1
)(𝑠 − 𝑧
2
)
(𝑠 − 𝑝
1
)(𝑠 − 𝑝
2
)(𝑠 − 𝑝
3
)
(7)
Where
𝑝
𝑖
is a pole and
𝑧
𝑖
is a zero and
𝐾
is a constant.
You can model the transfer function in this form using a zero-pole block:
To configure this block you provide a vector for the numerator and the denominator. In this case
the numerator is [z1 z2] and the denominator is [p1 p2 p3] and the gain is K.
Useful MATLAB functions:
The MATLAB function
roots will solve a polynomial, given the coefficients of the polynomial. The
function
poly does the opposite. Given the roots of a polynomial, it will return the coefficients of
the polynomial.
The Signal Processing toolbox provides a number of functions to provide the coefficients required
to implement various filters. See help for butter, cheby1, cheby2 and besself.
The function
freqs(B,A) will plot the frequency response of a system, where
B is a vector of
the numerator coefficients and
A is a vector of the denominator coefficients.