THEORITICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR TRACKER
22
AEIE, RCCIIT
3.4 Maximum power point tracking
Photovoltaic cell shares a composite bond with the surroundings they work and the maximal power
generated. The non-linear electrical tendencies of a solar cell is indicated by a ratio of solar cell’s
maximum power to the product of open-circuit voltage and short circuit current, also known as fill
factor. Based on the three parameters, which are the fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V
OC
) and
short-circuit Current (I
SC
) the electrical tendencies of a photovoltaic cell can be determined under
situational environments.
Under working environment, as derived by Ohm’s Law, a certain voltage (V) and current (I) values
which correlated to that single point at which the power obtained is maximum, corresponds to a
certain load, resistance. The I-V curve of photovoltaic cells behaves as a current constant source
for most of the region. Once the maximum power point region is reached, there are changes in the
curve as the curve now describes a relationship of current and voltage as inversely exponential. So
the elementary circuit theory describes that the power obtained from the device where the
magnitude of the gradient of the curve is at par and opposite to the current voltage ratio, can be
termed as maximum power point.
Therefore, in the exposition of photovoltaic modules, among the given space and time, there lies
a point from which the power dragged is maximum. This point in the PV module is known as
maximum power point and the methodology of tracking down this point to ensure that our
controlling point always stays around this maximum power point tracking.
The proposition of maximum power point tracking is to collect the maximum power, by setting
the most effective voltage in PV module. The juxtaposition is done between the output voltages
with the battery voltage. They extract the high voltage power from the PV modules and modify
them to fulfill the requirement of charging lower voltage batteries. The power is henceforth
converted to the best voltage to obtain maximum current in the battery.
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