SUMMARY
The starting point for our research question began with а knowledge gap on
how the long term downward trend in interest rates should affect firms’ capital
structure. The debate today covers how many other functions in society becomes
affected in this extremely low interest rate environment. When studying theories
on corporate structures that in different ways have tried to explain how firms
should act, we found discrepancies regarding the effect of the interest rate. Our
empirical evidence points in favor of both the Pecking Order Theory, where
profitable firms have lower debt to equity ratios, and the Trade-off Theory, where а
lower interest rate results in а lower debt to equity ratio. Each theory on its own is
capable of predicting а certain kind of behavior, but the rationality of it is
still questionable. The theories also lack the ability to explain difference between
sectors that became evident in our tests. In this aspect, the Trade-off Theory only
say that difference are to be expected, without giving determinants of such
differences. As we have shown, financing through equity has become more
expensive the past years, compared to financing through debt. Therefore our
firms as а group does not seem to regard the total cost of capital to an extent
where they actually increase their debt to equity ratios when debt financing is
cheaper. We have argued that а possible explanation to this, sort of, irrational
behavior could be explained by the antecedent financial crises, causing firms
to potentially act more cautiously. By restricting the amount of leverage,
the firms also become more independent of external financing which would
be beneficial in the case of а credit crunch.