Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
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- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Trade Organization
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Social Af fairs asdf United Nations E c o n o m i c & Manual on Statistics of international trade in services United Nations European Commission International Monetary Fund Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Trade Organization ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/86 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS STATISTICS DIVISION S TATISTICAL P APERS S ERIES M N O . 86 MANUAL on STATISTICS of INTERNATIONAL TRADE in SERVICES United Nations European Commission International Monetary Fund Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Trade Organization Geneva, Luxembourg, New York, Paris, Washington, D.C., 2002 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/86 International Monetary Fund Publication Stock No. MSITEA ISBN 1-58906-128-4 United Nations publication Sales No. E.02.XVII.11 ISBN 92-1-161448-1 Inquiries should be directed to: United Nations Publications DC2-853 New York, NY 10017 e-mail: publications@un.org Copyright © 2002 United Nations, European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and World Trade Organization All rights reserved iii Foreword The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services has been developed and published jointly by our six organizations, managed through the mechanism of an inter-agency task force. The Manual sets out an internationally agreed framework for the compilation and reporting of statistics of international trade in services in a broad sense. It addresses the growing needs, including those of international trade negotiations and agreements, for more detailed, more comparable and more comprehensive statistics on this type of trade in its various forms. The recommendations, which will be promoted by our six organizations, will enable countries to progressively expand and structure the information they compile in an internationally comparable way. The Manual conforms with and explicitly relates to the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual. The Manual has benefited from strong cooperation among the international organizations, the advice of specialist consultants, the invaluable input of a large number of member countries’ experts and the many comments received during the worldwide review conducted by the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund in 1999-2000. It is intended for use by national and international agencies, and we commend it to countries for progressive implementation, taking into account their national information needs, priorities and resources. Hermann Habermann Director United Nations Statistics Division Yves Franchet Director General Statistical Office of the European Communities Carol S. Carson Director Statistics Department International Monetary Fund Enrico Giovannini Chief Statistician and Director of the Statistics Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Henri Laurencin Chief Statistician United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Roslyn Jackson Director of the Statistics Division World Trade Organization iv Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................... vii List of acronyms......................................................................................................................................................... ix Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapters I. Foundations of the Manual: general introduction and overview..................................................... 3 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 B. Set of recommended elements for phased implementation ........................................................................... 5 1. Recommended core elements ................................................................................................................. 5 2. Other recommended elements ................................................................................................................ 6 C. Shape of the Manual ...................................................................................................................................... 7 II. Conceptual framework for the development of statistics on international trade in services.............................. 9 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 9 B. Need for a statistical framework on international trade in services............................................................... 9 1. Globalization and multilateral services trade negotiations ..................................................................... 9 2. The General Agreement on Trade in Services ...................................................................................... 10 (a) Structure and guiding principles of GATS .................................................................................... 10 (b) The four GATS modes of supply................................................................................................... 11 (c) Services Sectoral Classification list - GNS/W/120 ........................................................................ 12 C. Statistical systems and classifications related to trade in services............................................................... 12 1. International.......................................................................................................................................... 12 (a) System of National Accounts, 1993............................................................................................... 12 (b) Fifth edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.................................................................. 13 (c) Central Product Classification, Version 1.0................................................................................... 13 (d) International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 3.............. 14 (e) International Merchandise Trade Statistics.................................................................................... 14 (f) International migration frameworks and the Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration ....................................................................................................................................... 14 (g) Tourism Satellite Accounts: Recommended Methodological Framework .................................... 14 2. Other statistical systems and classifications ......................................................................................... 15 (a) Joint OECD-Eurostat Trade in Services Classification.................................................................. 15 (b) OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment......................................................... 15 (c) OECD Manual on Economic Globalisation Indicators .................................................................. 15 D. Approach and framework of the Manual..................................................................................................... 15 1. Statistics on trade in services, labour and investment from BPM5....................................................... 16 (a) Main BPM5 standard services components ................................................................................... 17 (b) Labour-related flows of funds........................................................................................................ 17 (c) Foreign direct investment .............................................................................................................. 17 2. BPM5 extensions .................................................................................................................................. 18 (a) Analysis of balance of payments transactions by origin and destination....................................... 18 (b) Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification ................................................................ 18 3. Foreign affiliates trade in services statistics ......................................................................................... 18 (a) FATS statistics: concepts and classification .................................................................................. 18 (b) FATS statistics and other statistical frameworks ........................................................................... 19 4. Statistical treatment of modes of supply: the simplified approach ....................................................... 20 (a) Simplified statistical criteria .......................................................................................................... 20 (b) Balance of payments statistics by modes of supply ....................................................................... 20 (c) FATS statistics and modes of supply ............................................................................................. 23 (d) Special problems in statistical treatment of mode 4....................................................................... 24 v (e) Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 25 III. Services Transactions Between Residents and Non-residents.......................................................................... 26 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 26 B. Principles of recording................................................................................................................................. 26 1. Concept and definition of residence ..................................................................................................... 26 2. Valuation of transactions ...................................................................................................................... 28 3. Other principles relating to the recording of transactions..................................................................... 28 C. EBOPS......................................................................................................................................................... 29 D. Transactions between related parties ........................................................................................................... 33 E. Statistics by trading partner ......................................................................................................................... 34 F. Modes of supply and EBOPS ...................................................................................................................... 34 1. Allocation of modes of supply.............................................................................................................. 34 2. Priorities for allocation to modes of supply.......................................................................................... 35 G. Repairs on goods ......................................................................................................................................... 36 H. Definitions of the components of the Extended Balance of Payments Services classification.................... 36 1. Transportation services ......................................................................................................................... 36 2. Travel ................................................................................................................................................. 38 3. Communications services ..................................................................................................................... 40 4. Construction services............................................................................................................................ 40 5. Insurance services ................................................................................................................................. 42 6. Financial services.................................................................................................................................. 43 7. Computer and information services ...................................................................................................... 47 8. Royalties and license fees ..................................................................................................................... 47 9. Other business services......................................................................................................................... 47 10. Personal, cultural and recreational services .......................................................................................... 50 11. Government services, not included elsewhere...................................................................................... 50 I. Alternative aggregations of service and non-service transactions ............................................................... 51 J. Data collection............................................................................................................................................. 52 K. Summary of recommendations .................................................................................................................... 53 IV. Foreign affiliates trade in services statistics ..................................................................................................... 54 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 54 B. Universe to be covered ................................................................................................................................ 57 1. Ownership criteria ................................................................................................................................ 57 2. Types of producers ............................................................................................................................... 59 C. Time of recording ........................................................................................................................................ 60 D. Statistical units............................................................................................................................................. 60 E. Attribution of FATS variables ..................................................................................................................... 60 1. By country ............................................................................................................................................ 60 (a) Inward FATS ................................................................................................................................. 60 (b) Outward FATS............................................................................................................................... 62 (c) Note on the equal ownership of shares by residents of more than one country ............................. 62 2. By activity and by product.................................................................................................................... 62 (a) By activity...................................................................................................................................... 63 (b) By product...................................................................................................................................... 64 F. Economic variables for FATS ..................................................................................................................... 66 1. Sales (turnover) and/or output .............................................................................................................. 66 2. Employment.......................................................................................................................................... 68 3. Value added .......................................................................................................................................... 68 4. Exports and imports of goods and services........................................................................................... 69 5. Number of enterprises........................................................................................................................... 69 6. Other variables...................................................................................................................................... 70 G. Compilation issues....................................................................................................................................... 70 H. Summary of recommendations .................................................................................................................... 71 vi Boxes 1. Services definition ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2. International trade in services........................................................................................................................ 8 3. Example of the measurement of construction services................................................................................ 41 4. Estimation of insurance service charges...................................................................................................... 44 5. Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) ................................................................. 46 6. Merchanting services................................................................................................................................... 48 7. Measuring foreign direct investment ........................................................................................................... 55 8. Immediate and ultimate investors................................................................................................................ 61 Charts 1. The four modes of supply: statistical criteria............................................................................................... 22 2. Synthetic viewof modes of supply............................................................................................................... 23 Tables 1. Statistical coverage of modes of supply ...................................................................................................... 24 2. Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification, including memorandum items ............................ 30 3. ISIC Categories for Foreign Affiliates (ICFA)............................................................................................ 64 4. Sample formats for FATS statistics............................................................................................................. 67 Annexes I. Movement of natural persons supplying services under GATS ......................................................................... 73 II. Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification..................................................................................... 81 III. EBOPS - CPC, Version 1.0 - GNS/W/120 correspondence tables..................................................................... 85 Table A.III.1. EBOPS – CPC, Version 1.0 – GNS/W/120 correspondence...................................................... 86 Table A.III.2. GNS/W/120 – CPC, Version 1.0 – EBOPS correspondence.................................................... 124 IV. ICFA-EBOPS Correspondence Tables............................................................................................................. 150 Table A.IV.1. Correspondence between ICFA and EBOPS ........................................................................... 151 Table A.IV.2. Correspondence between EBOPS and ICFA ........................................................................... 155 V. Extract from the General Agreement on Trade in Services.............................................................................. 160 VI. Services Sectoral Classification List - GNS/W/120 ......................................................................................... 161 VII. The Manual and tourism satellite accounts ...................................................................................................... 167 Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................. 170 Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................ 172 Index........................................................................................................................................................................ 174 vii Yüklə 1,85 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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