Odinafrica/gloss training Workshop on Sea-Level Measurement and Interpretation. Oostende, Belgium, 13-24 November 2006



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Mahongo Impacts of Sea Level Rise

Recorded Worldwide Temperatures

  • -0.6
  • -0.4
  • -0.2
  • 0.0
  • 0.2
  • 0.4
  • 0.6
  • 0.8
  • 1880
  • 1900
  • 1920
  • 1940
  • 1960
  • 1980
  • 2000
  • Year
  •  Mean Temperature (°C)

2005 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980

  • -3
  • -2.5
  • -1.5
  • -1
  • -.5
  • -.1
  • .1
  • .5
  • 1
  • 1.5
  • 2.5
  • 3.4

Ozone Layer Depletion and Climate Change

    • The ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet-B radiation from the sun. Over the past 30 years ozone levels over parts of Antarctica have dropped by almost 40% during some months and a 'hole' in ozone concentrations is clearly visible in satellite observations.
    • Ozone is been damaged mainly by:
    • 1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries.
    • 2. Halons that are used in fire extinguishers.
    • 3. Aircraft emissions of nitrogen oxides and water vapour.
    • As Ozone is considered to be a greenhouse gas, a depleted ozone layer may partially dampen the greenhouse effect. This may therefore lead to increased global warming.
    • Conversely, efforts to tackle ozone depletion may result in increased global warming!

Some Impacts of Climate Change

  • The hydropower-dependent energy sector in Tanzania has been seriously affected by drought. The country is turning to coal and natural gas as new sources of energy.
  • Some cities in Europe and USA experienced power shortages during summer of 2006 due to effects of increased temperatures (The infrastructures failed to cope with the record heat - unsuitable wires, pipes, etc not designed for higher temperatures).
  • About 82% of the icecap on mount Kilimanjaro in 1912 is now gone. If recession continues at the present rate, the majority of the mountain glaciers could vanish in the next 15 years.
  • The area covered by glaciers on the Rwenzori Mountains halved between 1987 and 2003, expected to disappear in the next 20 years.

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