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part of a larger,

statistical

s y l l p

o



.

.

.



investigation, Standards and

Performance

U1

General Practice.



whichtgs

o:

evaluatirlg



the

'external'

EffGCtIVETESS of

such

grqups.


G a m m a

1 ° “


u-‚e ‘internal’,

interactional

aspects

raises

certain questions, eg. how 6b



the doctors

neqotiate

definitions

of

900d



Pfad-im?

theX



339‘

standard-setting

as

a



task?

shall

969-0139 b9?“

5“';"5ta“t“('eu;5::)€

of

(group



prooess;

standard-setting)

and

nethodologxcal



Issues

snall-scale

qualitative

wotk

in

a



l a r g e

statistical

study).

mvid


Hall

hartem:


of mciology

Lhiversity

of uverpool

Eleamr

Rathtnne milding

Hyrtle


Street

P. O .


an

147


Liverpool

1.69 3m


WER GIGANTSATION

AM)


PRKHIG

INREEAICH



EIHIKS

CIJHITIEES

A

survey

of research ethics cvnnittees in



England and

Hales

provides the

daba for

this

aralysis

of

the 5 2 |

of caannittees

which


consider proposals

Eor


research

on

children.

111e

outcalues

of

comnittee



decisions

are

discussed

in relation

t0 aspects

0E cannittee Organisation

and

awareruess



of ethical issues.

Barbara

lhrrison

(lautbar:

cf

socia].


scienoe

South

Bank


Polyteclmic

Bxough


Rand

laudm

S31

OAA


"T

G’

THEH G815 [BAD

POISIE‘:

Q J P A T I O M L IFAD

EXPOSM

IN

KIEN



l8 0-1914

This

paper

explores

the

eoncern with



the

caLses


and

conseqmnoes

of

lead

poisonirmg

in

waren



workets between

1880


and

1914.

During

this tine



there

was


moreasing

agitation

abaut

the

health

cf

Huren uorking



in lead

factones,

or

in

prooesses involving lead



as

in

the



potteries,

and

increasing

intervention by

the

Statue.

This

paper

w i l l


examine the nature

of t h a t

interventim,

including the

involvemnt oE

nvedicine.

Assunptions

about

women's


susceptibility

to

poison, and the cbninance

of

a

protective



Nudel

in relation

to

occupational hazards, will be discussed

in

relation



Lo the Eailure

to

demanu



lead f r e e products and

work processes.

44


Grahm

Hart


‘B:

M a n g a n

Bomltnl

lbdlal


sctnol

J 1 :


Prlngle Bonn:

‘Ehe


muss:

Boqaiul


wann

am

8M



S I P C K ‚ K X I K S A I D M D S - S I I I A L A D B E | AV I C X B A L A S P E B W Ü I B U S B M D H N

INPKLTION



‘rhere

is

now unequivocal



evldence

oonnecting

the practice

0E

needle-sharirq

almngst

intravenotns



drug users

(xvurs)


t0

Ule


Qread 0E

Hman


Innmnodeficierucy Virus

(HIV),


the eausative

agent

0E

AIDS.



‘rhis

paper

will descrihe

uns

epldennlology of



HIV

infection

amngst Ivllrs,



acplore Ute social

and


behavionzral

Eactors

which have



contributed

t0

the



epidenic

and


report

Eindirxgs

Eton

a

study



undertaken

ab University Collage



Hospital

Drug

Dependency Clinic.

An

accmnnt


w i l l

also

be

given

0E

positive health interventions

which


can be used wiux

rvurs,


notably

Health

Outreach

v o r ) :

and


needleexctnnqe

progrumes.

u:

a m h t



the

Eurther

spread

0E HIV.


Gregor

Ilendersotn

Q u a n t .

et’

a — n 1 t y



ledlcine

u-ent


Ilealth

Authorlty

District

Bauarten

Central

nlddlesaz

Ibqainl


Acton Inne

landen

m10 71B


( D h fi t ß l ä !

IN

THE



HPALHI SERVICE

-

[ I E 9



IT

HIN?


since

the inplarentation

0E

the



‘ G r i f fi t h s ’

unmganent arrangemnts

in

the



M-IS,

ßealth

Districts

have

beoane increasingly



preocctpied

with

iüas 0E


consunerisln. ‘mis paper draws

on

one



Health

Oistridfls



reoent

acperieme

0E

setting

m

a



progranne

0E

consuner



research.

In the

district, a

series

0E

oonsurer surveys have tnen planned

mich

a t t e v p t t0

assess


the appropriateness

0E

healdm



cate

delivery

t0

the



local

population.

The


results

0E

one such survey



of Accident and

arergency



attenders

1s presented

and

a

c r i t i c a l evaluation is



made

0E Ehe


ailrs

and


nethods used. The

paper

concltxies

by

discussing the

v i a b i l i t y

0E

oonsumr



research

in

the

ms.

Peterlload

uaanzatofsoclolnqy

Glasqovmllegeofmdnmlogy

7omuucachnsaoad

Glasgow


6400m

‘IHR


SIIZIAL QGANISATIGI G’ A EDSPICE

Using

naterial


gained

in

exploratory research

at a

newly developing



hospioe,

this

paper

outlines

the

division 0E

labour within

this

sector.

lt goes

on

t0 explore



sme

of

che reasons why the British hospice



rwvenent

has

haken


the Eorm

0E

indeperfient local



charities.

‘rhis

w i l l telate

t0

changes

within

Iredicine and within

the

structure

0E

the

NHG.

More_


specific consideration

will include the inpact

0E

resource

amstramts,

new forrrs

0E

nanagerialisln, segnentation within Itedicine, professional



boundaries,

use


0E

volunteers and

concepts

0E

‘camuanity



care‘.

45


mvld

nughes


wahre

forlsocio-Iegal



Studien

vlolfson Co lege

Oxford

0x2

6 U )


man

M1155

KKIS


E1‘:

9 1 €


ASPEHS

G’ NLNSE/ÜXZKR

INPRRACPION

IN A


CASUALTY

DEPARIMBNI‘

The

traditional

perspective

an nurse/dactor



interaction

portrays the

relationship

in

terms

of relatively

straightforward

sumrdination of

nursing s t a f f

to

rredical



control.

This

papet


dzaws

on observational



research

in a


hospital casualty deparunent

to

sugqest

sme

areas where

nurses‘

uork

«mies


closer t0

Mark usually entrusted

to doctors,

and


situations

whete nurses enercise

mre

influence

than

t-‚he


professional

dominance mdel

ackrxowledges.

The


heavy

work denands associated



with

the

"setting"

functim


of the casualty departnent, the (ralplexity

of

patient



categorisation, the potential urgency

of treatnent,



the

relative

inexperierxre

0E

mst



Casualty

Officers,



and the special

d i f fi c u l t i e s of

overseas doctors

who may

be

unfamiliar



with the host

culture, all increase



nurse

influencve.

darlotte nqzhrey,



Departmnt

o! Cllnical mldaniology

Jonaüun ßlford

und


General

Practlce

i

m1 mrtley‘



lbyal free

lbspibal

Schmal


of

ßedicine

Iuxbn m3


Wannen:

of scacial Policy



University of

hiinlaurqh

minmrgh


DIVISIOIB

Ü!

111B HPALTH DIVIIE



The

publication

of

the

Hm's

‘fixe

ilealth

Divide‘


in

March


1987

amfimed


that

t h e

social

class

gradient

in infant nortality rerains

as

steep

as

-;



ever.

‘rhe


controversy

over


how

this

gradient

should be

acplained

rages

on.


There are three inportant

dinensions

to

be considered



with regard

Co

this dehnte:



the tools

0E

the debate

(ie.

the nethodology); the values

;

inplicit in



the

choioe

and


use

of research findings; and the consequences

I

for health and

social

policy.

In

this



paper

ve

address



these, using

as

a



case-study the

eontrimtim

of S i r Harold

Hinxsworth

(Eomer Secretary

of

t h e



Medical Research

oouncil)


in

h i s

a r t i c l e ‘Epidemioloqäf:

Genetics and

Socioloyy‘

(J

Biosoc Sei 1984; 16: 159-176).

GMPLBENPARY NEDICINB

.

f’



Dick

Jones

fluteside mad

|

5|

Haylbck



H

S t .

Helen:

Herseyside

m11


am

A

SCIIIOIIEICAI.



ANQLYSIS

Ü’

THE VIRLD-VIEW



(F

i

PRKHITIÜIERS (F



This paper draws

on

research, currently

in

progress, that oentres

around


the uay

in

mich



practitioners

0E

conpleltentary



nedicine

(using the

um

definition)



oanstrue the

mrld.


7:

i

I



i

Material

{ran


interviews

is

used



to

i l l u s t r a t e

that

early indications



sugqest

that

an

identifi able world-view

does

emerge

within practitioners

‚"

oE



carplenuentary nedicine

as

a



group.

Strongly

individualistic

perspectives

appear

to

be the norm, but concerns Eor the essentially





h o l i s t i c

n a t u r a

oE

being



a r e

a l s o

evidenoed.

Same recognition

of

l



r e i fi c a t i o n processes and other issues coalescinq around the

political

u}

econany

of health and

also indncaterl.

Problem of

contradictions

within

V

practitioner consciousness



a r e

also considered.

46


COSRA

Co-ordinating Organisation

for

Sociological



Research

on

Aids.



Aids

and

HIV


infection pose

an

obvious



and serious threat‚ to

homosexuals

and drug users‚ and

increasingly to the

heterosexual

population.

There

will be immense



financial

and

health consequences for the Health

Service

even


if

a vaccine is

found.

Presently



no such vaccine or cure

is

on the



hotizon‚

Idespite immense medical

research.

Prevention therefore rests

entirely

upon

health


education‚ includinq

the


adoption of

"Safer


sex" measures‚ which in

turn


depends critically on

scientific

knowledge of

sexual behaviour

of

the at-risk groups.



Over the

past


few

years there

has

been


a

proliferation of

research

on Aids and

HIV

infection



carried

out


in

the social

and behavioural

sciences‚

which

do not‚


by and large,

feature


in

the medical

retrieval

systems.


There is‚

thereEore‚ a

pressing

need


for

shating


information

about

social


(and,

in

genera1‚



b e h a v i o u r a l )

research


on Aids and

related conditions

and

areas.


The Executive

Committee of

the


British

Sociological

Association

has asked me

to

initiate


a

project to document

(and make

accessible

to

libraries



and

researchers)

such research in

the


sociological

area.


COSRA

(Co-ordinating

Organisation

for


Sociological

Research


on

A i d s )

will

act


as

a

co-ordinating



body

for


the circulation of

information

about

on-going behavioural



research

of

Aids



and

related conditions.

He

shall


be

collaborating with other

international

and


disciplinary

organisations in this effort‚

and

exchanging information.



This

research


may

provide crucial scientific

information about

the


at-risk populations and the

effect


of

health


campaigns.

we

shall



produce a register and

index


of

current


researCh‚

which will

be

available



in printed form, or

in

machine



readable

form for


those who request it.

Copies of the register

should

be

available



in

the


neu

year


(price to

be announced later).



so,

if

you are



engaged in social

and behavioral research on

Aids

and HIV infection‚ and

have not


already been

contacted

by

u s ‚ please write



to

me

at the address



below

and


I

shall


send

a

form for



completion.

COSRA


Social

Research Unit

University College

P.O.


Box

79,


CARDIFF CF1

IXL.


COSRA

has been


initiated

by

Professor



Anthony P M

Coxon

( D i r e c t o r

of

social


Research

Unit


and

Professor

of sociological

Research Methods‚ University College

Cardiff).

He is


a

member

of

the welsh Aids Campaign and other



groups.

COSRA


is

sponsored

by

several


relevant

voluntary

groups‚

including the



Terrence

Higgins Trust,



Body

Positivetfor

HIV

antibody positive



persons)

and


the

Gay


Christian

Movement.

47


Conferences and Meetings

Third


International

Interdisciplinary

Conference

on

Stress



Management

University of

Edinburgh

30th


August

-

3rd



September 1988

For


details write to: The

Conference

Director‚

I.S.T.C.S.



The

Priory Hospital,

Priory Lane‚

London SWIS

SJJ

The Politics



of

Field


Research

International

Conference

Goldsmiths' Collage, London

15

April


1988

Among those

expected

to

participate:-



Norman Denzin. Jaber

Gubrium,


Peter

Manning (USA),



Roy

Turner


(Canada),

Elim Papadakis

( A u s t r a 1 i a ) ‚

Robert


Dinqwall‚ David

Silverman‚

Mary

Simms,


Phil

Strong


(UK).

Field research‚ using largely qualitative methods‚ is becoming

more acceptable to funding agencies who look to such research

to provide policy proposals.

Attempts

to


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