term information such as the firmware of the microcontroller is stored, and 32KB flash
memory that can be used to store the programs you developed.
The flash memory
and EEPROM memory are non-volatile, which means the information persists after the
power is turned off.
The RAM is volatile, and the information will be lost when the
power is removed. There are 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins on the
Arduino UNO board. There is a 16 MHz quartz crystal oscillator.
ATmega-based
boards, including the Arduino UNO, take about 100 microseconds (0.0001 s) to read
an analog input. So, the maximum reading rate is about 10,000 times a second, which
is more than enough for our desired sampling frequency of every second.
The board
runs at 5 V. It can be powered by a USB cable,
an AC-to-DC adapter, or a battery. If
an USB cable is used, it also serves for loading, running,
and debugging the program
developed in the Arduino IDE. The Arduino UNO microcontroller is compatible with the
LM35 temperature sensor and the desired control objectives of this project.
Figure
2.1.11
: An Arduino UNO board and some major components (adapted from
https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3
).
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