Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary

CHAPTER 22—STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE .......................................................................... 369
22.1—Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 369
22.2—Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................. 370
22.3—Joints......................................................................................................................................................................... 370
22.4—Design method .......................................................................................................................................................... 371
22.5—Strength design ......................................................................................................................................................... 371
22.6—Walls ......................................................................................................................................................................... 373
22.7—Footings .................................................................................................................................................................... 374
22.8—Pedestals .................................................................................................................................................................. 376
22.9—Precast members ...................................................................................................................................................... 376
22.10—Plain concrete in earthquake-resisting structures ................................................................................................... 376
APPENDIX A—STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS ........................................................................................ 379
A.1—Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................... 379
A.2—Strut-and-tie model design procedure ........................................................................................................................ 386
A.3—Strength of struts ........................................................................................................................................................ 388
A.4—Strength of ties............................................................................................................................................................ 391
A.5—Strength of nodal zones .............................................................................................................................................. 392