CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON DISEASES (continued)
BACTERIAL
DISEASES
Pneumonia
Bacteria, fungi, dust, or other
foreign matter. The bacterium,
pasturella multiocida, is often
responsible for the disease.
A general dullness, failing
appetite, fever & difficulty
breathing.
Proper housing, ventilation,
sanitation, and antibiotics.
Tetanus
A spore-forming anaerobe
bacterium is the cause. The
spores may be found in the soil &
feces of animals.
Difficulty swallowing, stiff
muscles, & muscle spasms.
Immunizing animals with a
tetanus toxoid.
Atrophic Rhinitis
Two different bacterium,
Bordetella bronchiospetica &
Pasturella, cause atrophic rhinitis.
Affects the nose, making it
crooked and wrinkled.
Sneezing, nose bleeds, and
a tear-stained face occur.
Sanitation and a good
health program are
important for prevention.
Vaccines are available.
Anthrax
A spore-forming bacterium causes
the disease.
Fever, swelling in the lower
body region, a bloody
discharge, staggering,
trembling, difficult breathing,
& convulsive movements.
An annual vaccination.
Manure & contaminated
materials should be burned
& area disinfected. Insects
should be controlled.
Blackleg
(Cattle-Sheep) A spore-forming
bacterium that remains in an area
permanently. The germ has an
incubation period of one to five
days & is taken into the body from
contaminated soil & water.
Lameness, followed by
depression & fever.. The
muscles in the hip, shoulder,
chest, back, & neck swell.
A preventative vaccine.
Brucellosis
Caused by bacteria. Brucella
abortus is the bacterium.
The abortion of the immature
fetus is the only sign in some
animals.
Vaccinating calves with Br.
abortus prevent cattle from
contacting the disease.
Infected cattle must be
slaughtered.
Distemper
(Horses) – Contagious. Exposure
to cold, wet weather, fatigue, and
an infection of the respiratory tract
aid in spreading the disease.
Increased respiratory rate,
depression, loss of appetite
& discharge of pus from the
nose are visible symptoms.
Infected animals have fever
& swollen lymph glands,
located under the jaw
Animals with disease
should be isolated, provided
with rest, protected from the
weather, and treated with
antibiotics.
Erysipelas
A resistant bacterium capable of
living several months in barnyard
litter.
Three forms: acute,
subacute, & diamond skin
form. Acute: constipation,
diarrhea, & reddish patches
on the skin. Subacute:
usually localized in an organ
such as heart, bladder, or
joints. Sloughing off of the
skin is common.
An anti-swine erysipelas
serum is available.
Leptospirosis
Caused by a bacterium found in
the blood, urine & milk of infected
animals.
Causes abortion & sterility.
Symptoms are blood-tinged
milk & urine.
Susceptible animals should
be vaccinated.
Tuberculosis
Three types of tubercle bacilli
causing the disease are human,
bovine, & avian. The human type
rarely produces TB in lower
animals, but the bovine type is
capable of producing the disease
in most warm-blooded
vertebrates. The avian type
produces the disease in birds &
swine.
Lungs are affected.
However, other organs may
be affected. Some animals
show no symptoms; others
appear unthrifty & have a
cough.
Maintaining a sanitary
environment & comfortable
quarters help prevent the
disease.
- 5 -
Dostları ilə paylaş: |