Cognitive factors in learning: transfer, interference and overgeneralization

to L1interference

derazadan qaramoq look from window Look through window

Hech narsaga tegmang Don`t touch nothing Don`t touch anything!

ozod qilmoq make free Set free

In Japanese, there is no sound “l”, therefore Japanese people pronounce the word “love” as “robi”; In Uzbek, silent sounds occur mainly with constants, thus when Uzbek learners pronounce words as “write”, “scope” and “wide”, they forget about silent vowels in English and pronounce last “e” as well. Consequently, mispronounced words cause mistakes in the target language.

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  In Japanese, there is no sound “l”, therefore Japanese people pronounce the word “love” as “robi”; In Uzbek, silent sounds occur mainly with constants, thus when Uzbek learners pronounce words as “write”, “scope” and “wide”, they forget about silent vowels in English and pronounce last “e” as well. Consequently, mispronounced words cause mistakes in the target language.
  

Phonetics

Another type of negative transfer is overgeneralization. It is a particular subset of generalization. One of the most significant characteristics of overgeneralization is that it occurs only within one language. For example, English language learners have the following samples of overgeneralization:

Another type of negative transfer is overgeneralization. It is a particular subset of generalization. One of the most significant characteristics of overgeneralization is that it occurs only within one language. For example, English language learners have the following samples of overgeneralization:

the formation of plural forms in nouns:

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  the formation of plural forms in nouns:
  
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  a flower – five flowers
  
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  however, in English, some nouns` plural forms are arranged by changing their roots rather than adding some suffixes.
  
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  For example, a tooth – six teeth, a man – ten men and etc.
  
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  Learners overgeneralize one rule to all types of nouns that exist in English, in other words, they forget about exceptions.