Contents introduction chapter I the utilizing of interactive classroom activities in teaching pronunciation

Actuality of the course work: The purpose of this study is to present a critical analysis of the current research available on middle importantce of interactive classroom activities in teaching pronunciation .Firstly, it should be good pronunciation .Pronunciation is very important for us to communicate with each other .
The aim of the course work is to conduct the overview of the main teaching pronunciation approaches and interactive classroom activities to provide the researchers .Teachers and students always should be good pronunciation .
The following objectives have been settled importance of interactive classroom activities in teaching pronunciation :
• to acquire an understanding of the needs of children with different teaching pronunciation principles and techniques and how to deal with these in an inclusive school provision,
• to acquire an understanding of the learning and teaching good pronunciation that can help children in the full curriculum.
The theoretical value of the course work lies in the analysis of the development of interactive classroom activities ,according to the teaching pronunciation objectives and should use pronunciations techniques ,principles, rules before speaking any time .According to the teaching objectives and lesson task the classroom management uses management skills, follows specific principles, adopts effective approaches and measures, establishes a good classroom teaching and learning environment to inspire initiative and enthusiasm of students learning and have regulation of efficient completion of teaching activities.


CHAPTER I THE UTILIZING OF INTERACTIVE CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES TEACHING PRONOUNCIATION
1.1. The impact of pronunciation in the communication process.
Many people learning English language often do not pay any attention to their pronunciation. Even worse, some of them underestimate it. They think that pronunciation is less important than grammar and vocabulary. In my opinion pronunciation is extremely important. Many cases of misunderstanding in communication were caused by the mispronouncing of words or the improper intonation. Let’s take a few examples: if someone pronounces the words fog and fox, sea and she, sick and six with relatively no differences, in some cases can lead to a misunderstanding. Another example: when one pronounces the word present with stress in the first syllable, whereas she uses in the sentence “I’d like to present” is certainly incorrect and irritating.¹ Based on the preview I stated, it has been obvious why pronunciation is important. In addition, good pronunciation can also give a plus value to those who master it. You still don’t believe? What do you think which makes people get amazed of your English language when they hear you speaking in English?; Your grammar, vocabulary or pronunciation? The answer is the quality of the pronunciation. What makes people interested in one’s English is firstly his/her pronunciation definitely! Good grammar and wide vocabulary are usually secondarily observed. Moreover, good pronunciation skill can give you more self-confidence when you speak in front of many people. So, it has become more and more obvious that pronunciation can not be underestimated
. Learners with good English pronunciation are likely to be understood even if they make errors in other areas, whereas learners with bad pronunciation will not be understood, even if their grammar is perfect. Such learners may avoid speaking in English, and experience social isolation, employment difficulties and limited opportunities for further study. We judge people by the way they speak, and so learners with poor pronunciation may be judged as incompetent, uneducated or lacking in knowledge. Yet many learners find pronunciation one of the most difficult aspects of English to acquire, and need explicit help from the teacher. Therefore, some sort of pronunciation instruction in class is necessary. The goals of this paper are to define English pronunciation, review the history of English pronunciation instruction, explain the aim of English pronunciation instruction, elaborate pronunciation and communication, review the previous research about the effectiveness of pronunciation instruction on learners' achievement, and discuss the English pronunciation and the target of comfortable intelligibility.²
A lot of teachers do not pay enough attention to English pronunciation. There are different reasons for this negligence. Many learners state that they do not need to learn pronunciation and learning pronunciation is a waste of time. They state that just communication in English is enough and when they are understood, nothing else is important. Harmer emphasized that the main aim of teaching and learning in any language is to enable students to communicate in the target language and if this is the case, communication is an important term to explain. Communication means to understand and be understood. Many learners think that because they can talk to their teachers and other students so they can easily communicate in English. But they make a big mistake. There are a lot of reasons for their mistakes. Firstly, teachers can understand their students much more easily than an average person because their ears are used to ‘bad English.’ Secondly, other students are the speakers of the same language have the same pronunciation patterns and make the same mistakes so it is easy for them to understand each other. Thirdly, the classroom is not a real situation and it just takes place at school and students do not have an opportunity to talk to native speakers Many teachers are not aware of the importance of pronunciation. Teachers pay enough attention to grammar and vocabulary in learning a foreign language and they help learners become skillful in listening and reading. Secondly, the majority of teachers think that pronunciation study is too difficult and monotonous for learners . The lack of high quality, suitable teaching and learning materials, and the lack of time to practice pronunciation are the major reasons that cause teachers not to pay enough attention to English pronunciation. Teachers think that they have too much to do and pronunciation instruction just wastes their time. Some teachers believe that their students can learn correct pronunciation without particular pronunciation instruction. Kenworthy said that there are some factors for the learning of acceptable pronunciation by some students without depending on their teachers. They are learners’ phonetic abilities, integrative motivation, and achievement motivation. There are just some students who know the value of good pronunciation. This is the responsibility of teachers to persuade their learners to study pronunciation severely and help them learn to pronounce English sounds correctly. Teachers should tell their students that their very first English lesson is pronunciation. If students do not practice good pronunciation at the beginning of their learning process, they may learn wrongly. Therefore, words should be learnt regarding to their pronunciation. Otherwise, this may damage learners’ overall success.³ Harmer expressed that the first thing that native speakers notice during a conversation is pronunciation. Grammar and vocabulary are important elements of language and they can be useless if the speakers cannot pronounce those elements or words accurately. Native speakers can understand people, despite their grammatical errors, if they use accurate pronunciation. Communicative efficiency can be guaranteed by correct pronunciation. Pronunciation is an essential part of communication and without correct pronunciation nobody can say that he/she knows the English language perfectly. Harmer (2001) also emphasized that through pronunciation instruction, students not only learn different sounds and sound features but also improve their speaking skill. Concentrating on sounds causes learners aware of where words should be stressed and they give them more information about spoken English and help them get the goal of comprehension and intelligibility. Some teachers state that pronunciation instruction cannot be useful because only a few learners will be able to get native-like pronunciation. We should know that native-like pronunciation may be an ideal goal only for some learners and not for all learners. Intelligibility is a logical aim for the majority of learners can rarely achieve ‘perfect’ pronunciation. ⁴
Native-like pronunciation may be an inappropriate goal for most learners. Understandable pronunciation should be one of the basic aims of language learners. Pronunciation instruction has some realistic aims that need to be emphasized in order to develop communicative competence. These aims are 1) functional intelligibility-developing spoken English that is easy to understand for listeners; 2) functional communicability-developing spoken language that meets communicative needs; 3) increased self-confidence-developing a positive self-image; and 4) speech-monitoring abilities and speech-modification strategies-that will allow students to develop intelligibility, communicability and confidence outside the classroom. The goals of teaching pronunciation are to develop English that is easy to understand and not confusing to the listener, develop English that meets persons’ needs and that results in communicative competence, help learners feel more comfortable in using English, develop a positive self-awareness as non-native speakers in oral communication, develop speech
consciousness, personal speech monitoring skills and speech adjustment strategies that help learners develop in and out of the class. 5. The Teachers’ Role in English Pronunciation Instruction Morley expressed that teachers do not teach but facilitate learners’ learning pronunciation. The role of teachers is like a coach, a speech coach, and a pronunciation coach. The pronunciation coach has the critical role of checking and guiding modifications of spoken English at two levels (a) speech production, and (b) speech performance. teachers perform pronunciation diagnostic analyses and select those aspects that can have a great effect on changing the speech of learners toward increased comprehensibility, assist learners in setting both long-range and short-term objectives, develop a lot of instructional modes and modules (e.g., whole-class instruction, small-group work, individual one-on-one tutorial sessions; prerecorded audio and/or video materials; work with new computer non-native speakers of English., elements in the speech patterning for all learners, monitor learners’ speech production and speech performance and evaluate pattern changes as a continuous part of the program, and persuade learners’ speech awareness and realistic self-monitoring. 6. Suggestions for Improving English Pronunciation Instruction There are a lot of useful suggestions for EFL teachers to help learners improve their English pronunciation. EFL teachers should be accurately trained in pronunciation to improve their learners’ English pronunciation . EFL teachers should speak clearly and slowly in their pronunciation classes and they should convince their learners that their language is understandable. This can help their learners improve their pronunciation by listening to them carefully .Teachers should teach their learners that slow speech with correct pronunciation is much better than fast speech with wrong pronunciation.⁵ Learners should understand that understandability is more important than fast speech . EFL teachers should be aware of their learners’ needs and problems in pronunciation. Based on their needs, teachers should present some appropriate materials to their learners to reduce their learners’ pronunciation problems .Teachers should use computer technologies such as different kinds of computer software in their classes to help their learners improve their pronunciation by exposing them to authentic materials . Teachers should familiarize their learners to both American and British English and learners should be able to understand both varieties of pronunciation .Teachers should incorporate pronunciation in other language activities because it will help learners to adapt themselves to the sound systems of a new language and overcome their affective problems related to the learning of English language . Teachers should set obtainable goals that are appropriate for the communication needs of the learners. Teachers should act as the speech coach of pronunciation, give feedback to their learners, and encourage them to improve their pronunciation.⁶