Copyright 1996
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In all, the world spends an estimated $US25 billion annually, on civilian
space applications. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the trends in the graph below and suggesting reasons for any major differences in expenditure. 'According to the graph, there is considerable variation in spending on civilian space programs around the world. Argentina, for example, spends virtually nothing while, at the opposite end of the scale, the United States spends $1500m. The next highest spenders 2 are France, Japan and China spending $1400m, $1300m and $1200m respectively Middle range spenders include Germany, Italy, Sweden and Russia, spending in the $700-$1000m range Among the lowest spenders are Ireland, Australia, Pakistan and Israel spending under $100m The remaining countries spend between $100 and $300m Overall, the trends in the table show the wealthy, developed countries as being foremost in space application spending, while countries classed as developing, or those with very small populations, spend the least. There are some exceptions, like China, which is developing fast and has obviously made space technology a priority Thus the mam reasons for the differences may include wealth, size, political and economic stability and the chosen priorities of each country (159 words) Notes ' First paragraph describes 'trends' as asked without needing to give details of each country's spending : Tlie word 'spenders' is a good choice to express meaning concisely General Comments Introductory sentence does not uaste words by repeating the question Answers both parts of the question Information is dearly presented and easy to follow Vntrmes are atturatel) iiinstrialed and nicely varied l.ood lolu'reme overall, inhesion achieved through well chosen connecting expressions TASK 2 Test8 Present a written argument or case to an educated non-specialist audience on the following topic: Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue to many countries but its disadvantages should not be overlooked. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Faster planes and cheaper flights are making it easier than ever before for people to travel. 1 In most 'developed' societies, visiting exotic places is a sought-after status symbol. The tourism industries of both developed and developing countries have recognised this fact and are learning to take advantage of it. 2 5 There are, however, some problems associated with this new industry. Firstly 1 , there is the increasing crime rate. Some locals see tourists as easy prey because, not only are they in unfamiliar territory and therefore less able to take care of themselves, but also they carry visible items of wealth, such as cameras and jewellery which can be disposed of quickly for a profit. 4 'Another major problem is health. With greater mobility comes greater danger of spreading contagious diseases around the world. 4 One carrier returning home could easily start an epidemic before their illness was diagnosed. Moreover" the emergence of many more diseases which resist antibiotics is causing scientists to be increasingly concerned about this issue. 5 Also to be considered is the natural environment, which can be seriously threatened by too many visitors. Australia's Great Barrier Reef, for example, is in danger of being destroyed by tourists and there are plans to restrict visitors to some of the more delicate coral cays. 7 These are just three of the reasons why any country should be wary of committing itself to an extensive tourism development program. 8 (232 words) Notes 1 Introduction doesn't repeat question. 2 Tackles question. 3 Indicates that a number of points will be discussed in order. 4 Clarifies problem—keeps to the point. 5 New paragraph for new topic. 6 Appropriate use of connectors. 7. Gives examples. Conclusion rounds off well without repeating question or wasting words. Self-Rating Guide for Writing Tasks TASKl Answer the questions listed under A, B and C. If you answer 'yes' to most questions, put a score on each line towards HIGH. If you answer 'no' to most questions, put a score on each line towards LOW. Join the scores together to make a triangle. If your triangle is very small you are weak in at least one area of writing. If your triangle is very big then your overall rating should be quite good. B • Have I written accurate grammatical sentences? • Is my grammar varied?- • Is my spelling accurate? • Is my vocabulary varied and appropriate? A • Have I done what c the • Are the sentences in question asked me to my do? text well connected? • Is my text clear? • Have I used • Is my information appropriate well connecting organised? expressions? (e.g. However, Firstly etc.) • Do the sentences Examples of self-rating average A/B/C average overall rating highA/C lowB above average overall rating low A highB average C average overall rating TASK 2 Do the same self-rating exercise for Task 2. Note that the rating questions under A, B and C are differerent from those for Task 1. B • Have I presented some good ideas and points of view which are relevant to the essay task? • Are my points of view clear? • Have 1 given examples to support my points? A • Is my text communicating its content effectively to the reader? • Is the information clear? • Is the text well organised? • Have I used paragraphs effectively? C • Have I used accurate and varied sentence constructions, not just simple sentences? • Are my sentences linked by appropriate joining words (e.g. Consequently, After that, However)? •Have I used a good range of appropriate vocabulary, spelt accurately? Examples of self-rating average rating for A/B/C average overall rating highA/C low B above average overall rating low A high B average C average overall rating if you can, show your answers to Tasks 1 and 2 and your self-rating sheets to a teacher for comment. Work on your areas of weakness. |