To define the role of social theory and examine how research
studies using qualitative methods can use social theory to generalize
their results beyond the setting of the study or to other social groups.
The assumptions underlying public health research using qualitative
methods derive from a range of social theories that include conflict
theory, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, the
sociology of knowledge and feminism.
Depending on the research
problem, these and other social theories provide conceptual tools
and models for constructing a suitable research framework, and for
collecting and analysing data. In combination with the substantive
health
literature, the theoretical literature provides the conceptual
bridge that links the conclusions of the study to other social groups
and settings. While descriptive studies using qualitative research
methods can generate important insights into social experience, the
use of social theory in the construction
and conduct of research
enables researchers to extrapolate their findings to settings and
groups broader than the ones in which the research was conducted.