Nysius plebejus Distant 1883
[Lygaeidae]
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Nysius species feed by piercing plant tissue with their mouthparts, and have been observed feeding on strawberries, causing discolouration, wilting and even death of plants at high infestation levels (Dara 2012). Nysius plebejus has been recorded as a pest of strawberry (Schaefer & Panazzi 2000). There is little other specific information on this species, however, adults and nymphs likely to be disturbed and move away from fruit during harvest, and symptoms of plant damage during high-density infestation are likely to be noticed during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana 1902
[Pseudococcidae]
Comstock mealybug
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. This species has been found on strawberry leaves and stems but not fruit (QIA 2015b). This species is multivoltine; males mature 2-3 weeks after hatching (Spangler & Agnello 1991) whilst females mature after 6-8 weeks (CABI & EPPO 1981). Due to the variability of their development times, it can be expected that any development stage can be present during harvest. However, P. comstocki feed by extracting phloem sap from leaves and stems (CABI 2016), and Korean strawberries are packed without an attached peduncle, removing the possibility of P. comstocki being on the pathway.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-tozzitti 1886
[Diaspididae]
White peach scale
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
Yes. NSW, Qld, (Plant Health Australia 2001).
Listed as a Declared Organism (Prohibited (section 12)) for WA (Government of Western Australia 2016).
However, WA does not require mitigation measures for this pest for other hosts (such as stonefruit) from Australian states where this pest is present (DAFWA 2014; Poole et al. 2011).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Rhodobium porosum Sanderson 1900
[Aphididae]
Green rose aphid
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
Yes. WA, SA, Vic., Tas., Qld (Plant Health Australia 2001).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Trialeurodes packardi
Morrill 1903
[Aleyrodidae]
Strawberry whitefly
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves. Once hatched nymphs puncture the leaf tissue, feeding on leaf sap. When feeding they secrete honeydew, causing sooty mould to grow on the plant (Rao & Welter 1997; Zalom et al. 2014b). This causes foliage to lose vitality leading to reduced fruit production (Picha 1999; Zalom et al. 2014b). Trialeurodes packardi has been reported feeding on strawberry leaves (QIA 2015b). However, no records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood 1856
[Aleyrodidae]
Greenhouse whitefly
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
Yes. NSW, Qld, Tas., Vic., NT, WA, SA, ACT (Plant Health Australia 2001).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Lepidoptera
|
Acleris comariana Lienig and Zeller 1846
[Tortricidae]
Strawberry tortrix moth
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on stipules or petioles and larvae feed on leaves or flowers. On strawberry, flower feeding has been known to lead to distorted fruits developing (Gilligan & Epstein 2014), however, no records of direct association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Acronicta alni Linnaeus 1767
[Noctuidae]
Alder moth
|
Yes (Byun et al. 2010; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on leaves of fruit trees and other broadleaved forest trees and shrubs. However, little or no significance as fruit pest has been recorded (Alford 1984). Acronicta alni has been reported feeding on strawberry leaves (QIA 2015b). However, no records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Acronicta rumicis Linnaeus, 1758
[Noctuidae]
Sorrel cutworm, knotgrass moth
|
Yes (CABI 2015a)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on lower surfaces of leaves (CABI 2016), larvae feed on leaves of strawberry plants and pupate in soil (Alford 1984). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel 1766
[Noctuidae]
Black cutworm, dark sword-grass
|
Yes (Byun et al. 2010; CABI 2015a)
|
Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Agrotis segetum Denis & Schiffermüller 1775
[Noctuidae]
Turnip moth
|
Yes (CABI 2015a)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on roots, stems and leaves (CABI 2015a). Eggs are laid on stems or the ground (INRA 1998). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Anaplectoides prasina Denis & Schiffermüller 1775
[Noctuidae]
Green arches, greenish noctuid
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on leaves from a wide range of hardwoods and herbaceous plants including strawberries (Pacific Northwest Moths 2015; QIA 2015b). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Ancylis comptana Frölich 1828
[Tortricidae]
Strawberry leaf-roller, Comptan's Ancylis moth
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on upper surface of leaves. They can cause indirect damage to mature fruit via attacking buds, leading to ‘catfacing’ in mature fruit, (Marshall 1954). Therefore, it is unlikely that infested fruit will be picked and packed for export. There is also a record of A. comptana rolling the calyx against the fruit and feeding underneath, causing the fruit to be unsightly and be rejected during harvest (North Carolina State University 2014).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Archips breviplicanus Walsingham 1900
Synonym: Archips breviplicana Walsingham 1900
[Tortricidae]
Asiatic leafroller
|
Yes (CABI 2015a; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on lower surface of leaves, buds and the surface of fruit in contact with leaves. They also spin leaves irregularly (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). Therefore, they are unlikely to be found on strawberry fruit and damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Archips fuscocupreanus Walsingham 1900
Synonym: Archips fuscocupreana Walsingham 1900
[Tortricidae]
Apple tortrix
|
Yes (Maier 2003; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Young larvae feed on developing leaves. Older larvae eat flowers and may graze on developing fruit (CABI 2015a). Eggs are laid on trunks and limbs of trees (Gilligan & Epstein 2014). Not a pest of mature fruit (CABI 2015a).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Archips semistructa Meyrick 1937
[Tortricidae]
Oak leaf roller
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information available on this species. However, larvae of the tribe Archipini spin and roll leaves. Whilst they may feed on fruit (Common 1990), damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Arctia caja Linnaeus 1758
[Arctiinae]
Great tiger moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on underside of leaves (Alford 1984) and larvae feed on leaves, with the capability of sequestering toxic compounds from leaves in their body to deter predators (Rothschild, Rowan & Fairbairm 1977). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Artaxa subflava Bremer 1864
Synonym: Euproctis subflava Bremer 1864
[Lymantriidae]
Oriental tussock moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae of the Lymantriidae are often polyphagous but generally feed on foliage of woody shrubs and trees and less frequently on herbaceous plants (Common 1990). Whilst they are known to feed on fruits (Kristensen 1999), damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Autographa nigrisigna Walker 1857
[Noctuidae]
Chickpea semilooper, beet worm
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Autographa nigrisigna feeds on leaves (CABI 2015a) and chickpea pods (Ranga Rao & Shanower 1999). Autographa nigrisigna has been reported feeding on strawberry leaves (QIA 2015b) but no records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Celypha cespitana Hübner, 1817
[Tortricidae]
Thyme marble
|
Yes (Byun, Seo & Oh 1998)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae are polyphagous and feed on shoots near roots and on spun or rolled leaves of their host plants, including strawberry (de Prins & Steeman 2010). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Choristoneura lafauryana Ragonot 1875
[Tortricidae]
Strawberry leafroller
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on the apical leaves of shoots and graze on fruit superficially (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). Other species in the genus have been known to feed on maturing fruit (Alford 2007). However, damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Cnephasia stephensiana Doubleday 1849
Synonym: Cnephasia cinereipalpana Razowski 1958
[Tortricidae]
Grey tortrix
|
Yes (Byun, Seo & Oh 1998; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae are pests of cultivated plants in gardens and glasshouses, feeding on leaves and flowers (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Dysgonia stuposa Fabricius, 1794
Synonym: Parallelia stuposa Fabricius 1794
[Erebidae]
Thick-legged moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. This species is associated with strawberries in Korea (QIA 2015b). Adults of this species only feed on fruit at night and are not associated with fruit during the day. Larvae are only associated with leaves and also feed at night (Hattori 1969), as well as dropping from leaves when threatened. They are therefore unlikely to be near fruit during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Haritalodes derogata Fabricius 1775
Synonym: Notarcha derogata Fabricius 1775
[Crambidae]
Cotton leafroller
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Haritalodes derogata is associated with leaves on strawberries (QIA 2015b), with feeding causing defoliation and wilting (Plantwise 2015). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Hedya nubiferana (Haworth, 1811)
[Tortricidae]
marbled orchard tortrix, green Budworm moth
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed on open buds or in rolled leaves (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Herminia grisealis Denis & Schiffermller 1775
Synonym: Herminia nemoralis Fabricius 1775
[Noctuidae]
Small fan-foot
|
Yes (Byun, Seo & Oh 1998; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information on this species. However, Wolfgang Wagner (2016) observed that H. grisealis were ground-borne and fed on dead and dying leaves from fallen branches. No known association with fruit.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Lemyra imparilis Butler 1877
[Arctiinae]
Mulberry tiger moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information on this species. However, the larvae of Arctiidae are primarily folivores (Rothschild et al. 1979). In Korea, L. imparilis was found feeding on leaves of strawberry plants (QIA 2015b). No records of attacks on fruit of any kind have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Lozotaenia forsterana Fabricius 1781
[Tortricidae]
Large ivy twist
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae roll leaves together and feed on flowers and leaves (Alford 2007; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Mamestra brassicae Linnaeus 1758
[Noctuidae]
Cabbage moth
|
Yes (CABI 2015a; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Early instar M. brassicae larvae feed on foliage. Later instars may bore into fruits but damage is obvious due to size of hole and frass left near the entry. Their larvae grow up to 50 millimetres in length (CABI 2016). Damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Mesoleuca albicillata Linnaeus 1758
[Geometridae]
Beautiful carpet moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. This species feeds on leaves of strawberry (QIA 2015b). There is no specific information available on this species, however species in the Geometridae feed on leaves and lay their eggs on twigs or inserted in bark (Alford 2007; Bailey 2007; Kristensen 1999). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Olethreutes orthocosma Meyrick 1931
[Torticidae]
|
Yes (Jung & Oh 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information available on this species. However, larvae of the Olethreutini sub family are primarily leafrollers feeding on leaves (Alford 2007; Kristensen 1999; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Orbona fragariae Vieweg 1790
Synonym: Eupsilia (Orbona) fragariae Vieweg 1790
[Noctuidae]
Strawberry cutworm
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information on this species. However, the larvae of the family Noctuidae mostly feed on live foliage, flowers, buds and fruits of woody or herbaceous plants (Common 1990; Kristensen 1999). Some species feed on dead leaves or debris (Common 1990). Damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Pandemis dumetana Treitschke 1835
[Tortricidae]
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves. The larvae then graze on young leaves and blossoms (Alford 2007; Carter 1984; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller 1776
[Tortricidae]
Dark fruit-tree tortrix
|
Yes (Byun et al. 2010; Byun, Seo & Oh 1998; Jung & Oh 2012; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on the surface of leaves and larvae feed on flowers, fruitlets, young shoots and leaves. Larvae may graze on the surface of ripening fruit of a variety of plants (Alford 2007; Hill 1987; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; Yasuda 1972) but damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Peridroma saucia Hübner 1808
[Noctuidae]
Pearly underwing moth
|
Yes (CABI 2015a; Jung & Oh 2012; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Peridroma saucia larvae are active night feeders and can be found hidden in the soil at the base of plants during the day. During harvest they will not be associated with fruit (University of California 2014).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Ptycholoma imitator Walsingham 1900
[Tortricidae]
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on leaves (Kryzhanovskii 1988). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Ptycholoma lecheana Linnaeus 1758
Synonym: Ptycholoma lecheana circumclusana Christoph 1881
[Tortricidae]
Brindled twist
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae are polyphagous, feeding on foliage, buds and spun or rolled leaves (Alford 2007; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Pylargosceles steganioides Butler 1878
[Geometridae]
Two wavy-lined geometrid
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. There is little specific information available on this species. However, species in the Geometridae feed on leaves and lay their eggs on twigs or inserted in bark (Alford 2007; Bailey 2007; Kristensen 1999). It has been reported feeding on leaves of strawberry plants (QIA 2015b). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Saturnia pavonia Linnaeus 1758
[Saturniidae]
Small emperor moth
|
Yes (AnimalBase Project Group 2005)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on leaves (Alford 2007). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Scopula superior Butler 1878
[Geometridae]
Yellow-rippled white looper moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. This species is associated with leaves on strawberries (QIA 2015b). There is little specific information available on this species, however, species in the Scopula genus feed primarily on leaves (Bailey 2007; Kristensen 1999). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Sparganothis pilleriana Denis & Schiffermuller 1775
[Tortricidae]
Leaf-rolling tortrix
|
Yes (NPQS 2007)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on leaves. Larvae may cause substantial direct damage by feeding on shoot tips, leaves, inflorescences and fruit, as well as causing reduction in fruiting (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; Pykhova 1968; Schmidt-Tiedemann et al. 2001). It is a known pest of strawberry (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000), however, damaged fruit would be noticed and not picked during harvest.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Sphrageidus similis Fuessly 1775
Synonym: Euproctis similis Fuessly 1775
[Lymantriidae]
Yellow-tail, goldtail, swant moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae of the Lymantriidae family generally feed on foliage of woody shrubs and trees (Common 1990), and may cause minor defoliation. They may also damage developing fruitlets (Alford 2007), but are not known to attack mature fruit.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Spilarctia subcarnea Walker 1855
[Arctiinae]
White tiger moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. This species is associated with leaves on strawberries (QIA 2015b). Species in Spilarctia genus lay eggs and feed primarily on leaves (Alford 2007; Kristensen 1999).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Spilosoma lubricipeda Linnaeus 1758
[Erebidae: Arctiinae]
White-ermine moth
|
Yes (Byun, Seo & Oh 1998; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; QIA 2015b; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. The larvae of Arctiinae are polyphagous folivores, and S. lubricipeda as well as many other species in the family are capable of sequestering toxic compounds from leaves for defence against predators (Rothschild et al. 1979). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Spodoptera exigua Hübner 1808
[Noctuidae]
Beet armyworm moth
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Spodoptera litura Fabricius 1775
[Noctuidae]
Cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, cluster caterpillar
|
Yes (Jung & Oh 2012; QIA 2015b)
|
Yes. ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, Tas., WA (Plant Health Australia 2001).
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Stauropus basalis Moore 1877
[Notodontidae]
|
Yes (Ding, Wu & Zhang 2008; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Stauropus basalis larvae are polyphagous but only feed on leaves (Ding, Wu & Zhang 2008). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Syricoris lacunana Denis & Schiffermüller 1775
Synonym: Celypha lacunana Denis & Schiffermüller 1775
[Tortricidae]
Dark strawberry tortrix moth
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on the upper side of leaves. Larvae feed primarily on flowers and between spun leaves (Bland, Hancock & Razowski 2014). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Syricoris rivulana Scopoli 1763
Synonym: Celypha rivulana Scopoli 1763
[Tortricidae]
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000)
|
No records found
|
No. Eggs are laid on terminal shoots and flowers. Larvae feed primarily on flowers, stems, leaves and terminal shoots (Bland, Hancock & Razowski 2014; Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Trichoplusia ni Hübner 1802
[Noctuidae]
Cabbage looper
|
Yes (CABI 2015a)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on leaves (CABI 2015a). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Udea ferrugalis Hübner 1796
[Pyralidae]
Rusty-dot pearl
|
Yes (QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on the underside of leaves (Alford 2007; QIA 2015b). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Thyatira batis Linnaeus 1758
[Drepanidae]
Peach-blossom moth
|
Yes (Meijerman & Ulenberg 2000; QIA 2015b)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on leaves (Alford 2007; QIA 2015b). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus 1758
[Noctuidae]
Spotted cutworm
|
Yes (QIA 2015b; Roh et al. 2012)
|
No records found
|
No. Larvae feed primarily on leaves (CABI 2015a). No records of association with strawberry fruit have been found.
|
Assessment not required
|
Assessment not required
|
No
|
|
|
