Box 6. Mobile video content
The limitations and the cost of offering television on 3G networks using Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
(MBMS) have encouraged operators to try to obtain separate allocations of spectrum for mobile television using a
number of technologies. In addition, the interest for the allocation of new spectrum bandwidth may also be a means of
pre-empting competition from broadcasters offering mobile television, and push convergence from the network into the
handset.
The mobile television market does not seem to have deployed its full potential yet and innovation has been lagging
behind, with sometimes restrictive platforms adopted by the wireless carriers and phone manufacturers. The EC
estimated that the market for mobile TV would reach EUR20 billion by 2011, however it seems that mobile operators
still have difficulties in identifying the appropriate business model for the service. Currently, revenues for mobile TV
mainly come from subscriptions, as advertising is not expected to be significant because of low usage.
111
However, in
order for the service to be profitable, a 2006 OECD study noted that penetration needs to reach a level of about 10% –
as is already the case in Korea or Japan; while in other OECD countries it is still below 1%.
112
In November 2007, Google announced the launch of a new mobile operating system called Android. Based on Linux,
Android provides an open platform for developers to create their own applications for a wide range of mobile devices,
and will be available for free to cell phone manufacturers. Mobile-tailored content with targeted advertisement could
therefore be one of the future models for mobile television. Another model for mobile television could be Qualcomm‘s
one-way, multicast video programming network, MediaFLO. The MediaFLO service is currently offered by one mobile
operator in the United States in approximately 40 US markets.
Regulation can play an important role in the successful take-up of mobile TV, ensuring effective and transparent
spectrum management and allocation procedures, promoting competition of platforms and networks, interoperability,
and the development of common standards.
113
Spectrum allocation
The switch off of analogue TV signals and the shift to digital transmission will make available a
significant amount of spectrum bandwidth (the so-called “digital dividend”) which could be used for the
provision of enhanced TV services, more TV channels, or some advanced wireless communication
services.
114
Discussion is currently ongoing in many OECD countries on the allocation of the “digital
dividend”. In particular, the availability of spectrum to develop new wireless networks could help new
entrants to create alternative access infrastructures and deliver directly their services to users, competing
with incumbent operators. At the same time, mobile carriers are looking at the new available spectrum as
an occasion to increase their bandwidth capacity and provide their customers with improved audiovisual
services.
Public interest objectives for content
The rationale for special regulation of broadcast content is changing along with digitisation and
increasing access to on-demand audio-visual services: there is more choice, an increasing proportion of
consumers can control the time of consumption of content, and the amount of programming and
information have increased significantly in recent years. It is important, in view of the changes in the
supply of information and programming, to reconsider how public interest objectives can be achieved in
the digitalised IP world.
DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2007)2/FINAL
48
Some have argued that in a dynamic and diverse on-demand world, a scenario relying only on
mandatory rules could be ineffective and undesirable. In particular it has been argued that in a converged
audiovisual environment content control should partly move from institutional supervision to a system
based also on individual responsibility of users (for protecting themselves and their children), plus
voluntary regulation of content standards by commercial content providers.
115
There are growing instances
of the development of codes of conduct and self-regulation,
116
and overall of increasing co-operation
between governments and private companies. As an example, the recent Recommendation of the Council
of Europe on “promoting freedom of expression and information in the new information and
Dostları ilə paylaş: |