Ebook indd

© 1st Forex Trading Academy 2004
18
Introduction
Euro
– The Euro was designed to become the premier currency in trading by simply being quoted 
in American terms. Like the US dollar, the Euro has a strong international presence stemming from 
members of the European Monetary Union. The currency remains plagued by unequal growth, 
high unemployment, and government resistance to structural changes. The pair was also weighed 
in 1999 and 2000 by outflows from foreign investors, particularly Japanese, who were forced to 
liquidate their losing investments in euro-denominated assets. Moreover, European money managers 
rebalanced their portfolios and reduced their Euro exposure as their needs for hedging currency risk 
in Europe declined.
Japanese Yen
– The Japanese Yen is the third most traded currency in the world; it has a much 
smaller international presence than the US dollar or the Euro. The Yen is very liquid around the 
world, practically around the clock. The natural demand to trade the Yen concentrated mostly 
among the Japanese keiretsu, the economic and financial conglomerates. The Yen is much more 
sensitive to the fortunes of the Nikkei index, the Japanese stock market, and the real estate market.
British Pound
– Until the end of the World War II, the Pound was the currency of reference. The 
currency is heavily traded against the Euro and the US dollar, but has a spotty presence against the 
other currencies. Prior to the introduction of the Euro, both the Pound benefited from any doubts 
about the currency convergence. After the introduction of the Euro, Bank of England is attempting 
to bring the high U.K. rates closer to the lower rates in the Euro zone. The Pound could join the 
Euro in the early 2000’s, provided that the U.K. referendum is positive.
Swiss Franc
– The Swiss Franc is the only currency of a major European country that belongs 
neither to the European Monetary Union nor the G-7 countries. Although the Swiss economy is 
relatively small, the Swiss Franc is one of the four major currencies, closely resembling the strength 
and quality of the Swiss economy and finance. Switzerland had a very close economic relationship 
with Germany, and thus to the Euro zone. Therefore, in terms of political uncertainty in the East, 
the Swiss Franc is favored generally over the Euro.
Typically, it is believed that the Swiss Franc is a stable currency. Actually, from a foreign exchange 
point of view, the Swiss Franc closely resembles the patterns of the Euro, but lacks its liquidity. As 
the demand for it exceeds supply, the Swiss Franc can be more volatile than the Euro.
The Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar are also part of the currencies traded on the Forex 
market but do not count as being part of the major currencies due to their insufficient volume and 
circulation. They can only be traded against the US Dollar.
Canadian Dollar
- Canada decided to use the dollar instead of a Pound Sterling system because 
of the ubiquity of Spanish dollars in North America in the 18th century and early 19th century 
and because of the standardization of the American dollar. The Province of Canada declared that 
all accounts would be kept in dollars as of January 1, 1858, and ordered the issue of the first 
official Canadian dollars in the same year. The colonies that would come together in Canadian 
Confederation progressively adopted a decimal system over the next few years.

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© 1st Forex Trading Academy 2004
19
Introduction
Australian Dollar
- The Australian Dollar was introduced in February 14, 1966, not only replacing 
the Australian Pound but also introducing a decimal system. Following the introduction of the 
Australian Dollar in 1966, the value of the national currency continued to be managed in accord 
with the Bretton Woods gold standard as it had been since 1954. Essentially the value of the 
Australian Dollar was managed with reference to gold, although in practice the US dollar was 
used. In 1983, the Australian government «floated» the Australian dollar, meaning that it no longer 
managed its value by reference to the US dollar or any other foreign currency. Today the value of 
the Australian Dollar is managed with almost exclusive reference to domestic measures of value 
such as the CPI (Consumer Price Index).
Forex Symbol
Symbol
Currency
GBP
British Pound
USD
US Dollar
EUR
Euro
JPY
Japanese Yen
CAD
Canadian Dollar
CHF
Swiss Franc
AUD
Australian Dollar
Ex.: EUR/USD = Euro/US Dollar
Definitions
Pip
Price Interest point (Pip) is the term used in currency market to represent the smallest price 
increment in a currency. It is often referred to as ticks or points in the market. In EUR/USD, a 
movement from .9018 to .9019 is one pip. In USD/JPY, a movement from 128.50 to 128.51 is one 
pip.
Average trading range
EUR/USD
76 PIPS
USD/JPY
105 PIPS
GBP/USD
96 PIPS
USD/CHF
140 PIPS
AVERAGE/TOTAL
104/417 PIPS
Pip Values
– according to your trading platform from $7.00 to $10.00 USD.
Pip Spreads
– according to your trading platform from 3 to 20 pips.

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