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Clusters and orchestrators.
When you need to scale out applications across many Docker hosts, as 
when a large microservice-
based application, it’s critical to be able to manage all those
hosts as a 
single cluster by abstracting the complexity of the underlying platform. That’s what the container 
clusters and orchestrators provide. Kubernetes is an example of an orchestrator, and is available in 
Azure through Azure Kubernetes Service. 
Schedulers.
Scheduling
means to have the capability for an administrator to launch containers in a 
cluster so they also provide a UI. A cluster scheduler has several responsibilities: to use the cluster’s 

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CHAPTER 3 | Architecting container and microservice-based applications 
resources efficiently, to set the constraints provided by the user, to efficiently load-balance containers 
across nodes or hosts, and to be robust against errors while providing high availability. 
The concepts of a cluster and a scheduler are closely related, so the products provided by different 
vendors often provide both sets of capabilities. The following list shows the most important platform 
and software choices you have for clusters and schedulers. These orchestrators are generally offered 
in public clouds like Azure. 
Software platforms for container clustering, orchestration, and 
scheduling 
Platform 
Description 
Kubernetes
Kubernetes
 is an open-source product that provides functionality that ranges 
from cluster infrastructure and container scheduling to orchestrating 
capabilities. It lets you automate deployment, scaling, and operations of 
application containers across clusters of hosts. 
Kubernetes
provides a container-centric infrastructure that groups application 
containers into logical units for easy management and discovery. 
Kubernetes
is mature in Linux, less mature in Windows.