Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency

Tonne is equivalent to 1000 kilograms. 
Total final consumption (TFC) refers to the sum of consumption by the different 
end-use sectors and thus excludes energy consumed or losses incurred in the 
conversion, transformation and distribution of the various energy carriers. 
Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production of primary energy —
for example, coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear, hydro, other non-combustible and 
combustible renewables — plus imports and less exports of all energy carriers, less 
international marine bunkers and finally corrected for net changes in energy stocks. 
Production refers to the first stage of production. International trade of energy 
commodities is based on the general trade system; that is, all goods entering and 
leaving the national boundaries of a country are recorded as imports and exports, 
respectively. In general, data on stocks refer to changes in stocks of producers, 
importers and/or industrial consumers at the beginning and the end of the year. 
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are defined as any compound of carbon 
(excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or 
carbonates, and ammonium carbonate) that participates in atmospheric chemical 
reactions. In some cases, the term non-methane volatile organic compound 
(NMVOC) is used to indicate that methane is exempt from the VOC categorization. 

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151 
ANNEX 2: LIST OF ACRONYMS 
EJ
exajoule 
km
kilometre 
km
2
square kilometre 
kWh
kilowatt-hour 
m
metre 
m
3
cubic metre 
mg
milligram 
Mtoe
million tonnes of oil equivalent 
MWh
megawatt hours 
tHM
tonnes of heavy metal 
TJ
terajoules 
toe
tonnes of oil equivalent 
TWh
terawatt hour 
BOD
biochemical oxygen demand 
COD
chemical oxygen demand 
CRW
combustible renewables and waste 
DPSIR
Driving forces, Pressures, State of the environment, Impacts, and 
societal Responses 
DSR
driving force, state and response 
EDI
energy development index 
EISD
Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development 
GDP
gross domestic product 
GHG
greenhouse gas 
GWP
global warming potential 
HDI
Human Development Index 
HLW
high-level radioactive waste 
ISD
Indicators of Sustainable Development 
ISED
Indicators for Sustainable Energy Development 
LILW
low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste 
LL
long lived 
LNG
liquefied natural gas 
LPG
liquefied petroleum gas 
NCV
net calorific value 
NGL
natural gas liquids 
NMVOC
non-methane volatile organic compound 
NOx
nitrogen oxides 
PM