(b) Measuring Methods: The amount of energy produced, supplied and used can be
derived from the energy statistics and balances published by individual countries or
47
various international or regional organizations. The amounts of all primary energy
options, such as fossil fuel, electricity and heat, need to be considered.
(c) Limitations of the Indicator: Data on the efficiency of energy conversion and
distribution are not readily available for some countries.
(d) Alternative Definitions/Indicators: None.
ASSESSMENT OF DATA
(a) Data Needed to Compile the Indicator: Energy commodity data for production
and use (energy balances); output and input of refineries; gas consumption and
supplies; and structure of electricity supplies.
(b) National and International Data Availability: Energy commodity data for
production and consumption (energy balances) are regularly available for most
countries at the national level, and for some countries at the sub-national level. Both
types of data are compiled by and available from national statistical offices and
country publications.
Internationally, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Eurostat maintain the
most thorough sets of energy balances and energy accounts, based primarily on
national data or data collected from reliable regional agencies. Other sources of data
include the World Bank, the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), the European Environment Agency (EEA), etc.
REFERENCES
• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental
issue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency.
• Eurostat, 2001. Integration — Indicators for Energy Data 1985–98, European
Commission, 2001 edition. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,
France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,
France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency.
• UNSD, 1982. Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics, with Special
Reference to Energy Accounts and Balances — A Technical Report. New
York, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.
• UNSD, 1987. Energy Statistics: Definitions, Units of Measure and Conversion
Factors. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.
• UNSD, 1991. Energy Statistics: A Manual for Developing Countries. New
York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.
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• UNSD, various editions. Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles. Published
biennially. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.
• UNSD, various editions. Energy Statistics Yearbook. Published annually. New
York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division.
• World Bank. World Development Indicators. Published annually. Washington,
DC, USA: World Bank.
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