Environmental problems
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. PLAN: 1. Composition of environmental problems. 2. Global environmental problems and their consequences. 3. Regional and local environmental problems. Currently, the biosphere is changing very rapidly under the influence of human activity. It was emphasized by V. I. Vernadsky that man has emerged as a great geological force in changing the face of the Earth. As a result of man's misuse of natural processes, environmental problems became very serious in the middle of the 20th century. Ecological problem means the negative impact of nature on man in connection with the influence of man on nature, i.e., processes of economic importance in his economy, life, and all related to natural phenomena. what event is understood. (climate change, mass migration of animals) ecological problems of various scales are formed due to disturbance of balance in nature. They can be divided into the following groups. 1 Global (universal). 2 Regional (regional). 3 Local (local). Global environmental problems occur as a result of natural, natural anthropogenic and purely anthropogenic effects observed around the world and belong to the whole world. Let's get acquainted with some of these environmental problems: The phenomenon of atmospheric condensation. In recent years, it has become known that the amount of S02 in the atmosphere is increasing. As a result, the temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by 0.5-1.0 degrees in the last 100 years. Climate change on a large scale is associated with atmospheric industrial emissions and gases emitted by motor vehicles. Global warming of the Earth's surface, i.e. atmospheric warming, is due to the accumulation of S02 gas in the atmosphere from the increase in the composition of S02 in the air, deforestation, and the burning of fuels such as coal and gasoline. If the situation does not change, the temperature of the earth's surface may increase by 1.5-4.5 degrees in the middle of the 21st century. As a result: Climate change, especially increased desertification. Changes in precipitation. Rising sea and ocean levels Melting and shrinking glaciers and other phenomena are observed. Depletion of the ozone layer: Ozonosphere is an important component of the atmosphere, it protects all living organisms on the surface of the earth from radiation. The most important feature of the call to prayer in the atmosphere is its constant formation and decay. Ozone is formed in the presence of oxygen, nitrogen oxide and other gases under the influence of sunlight. Ozone protects living organisms on earth by absorbing strong ultraviolet rays. An increase in the amount of ultraviolet rays has a negative effect on living organisms. Exposure to UV rays causes skin burns in humans. Today, it was found that skin cancer is caused by these rays. Due to the widespread use of freons, aviation gases, detonation of atomic bombs, sufficient amount of ozone does not allow to accumulate in the atmosphere. Fresh water problem: On land, fresh water and its role in the biosphere are extremely large. The amount of fresh water in the hydrosphere is very small (2-2.5%). With the development of society, the population's demand for fresh water is increasing. In our century, the use of fresh water has increased 7 times. 3-3.5 thousand km3 of water is consumed per year. In arid zones, even if the water of the rivers is fully used, their water is not enough. At the beginning of 1980, this situation began to be observed in Africa, Australia, Italy, Spain, Mexico, Nile, Amudarya, Syrdarya and some other rivers. Pollution of rivers with industrial and domestic toxic substances is increasing. Industry discharges 160 km3 of industrial and waste water into rivers per year. This indicator is 10% of the total water volume of the rivers. The amount of dissolved substances, toxic chemicals and bacteria in the clean waters of the rivers is increasing year by year. The problem of pesticide use. This group of toxic chemicals is used in the fight against weeds, harmful insects, microorganisms that cause diseases in plants. The use of pesticides in agriculture, forestry, and aviation causes environmental pollution on a large scale. Pesticides spread over long distances in the atmosphere and accumulate in the world's oceans after passing through fields, rivers, and lakes. The most dangerous part is that they are joining the ecological food chain. They move from soil and water to plants and animals and humans. Pesticides are harmful and damaging at every point. In order to prevent the toxic effects of pesticides, the following measures should be followed. 1. Reducing the effect on animals and people. 2. Prevention of accumulation in soil and water. 3. Synthesis of rapidly decomposing and unstable pesticides. 4. Limit the use of pesticides as much as possible. 5. Biological protection of plants. 6. Reduction of the number of plant and animal species in living nature problem. Forests are very important in supporting the plant world, especially life on earth. Due to the increase in the population and the expansion of economic activity, there is hardly a month left where nature is not touched by human hands. Proper hunting through the laws on the state protection of plants and animals, as well as observation centers, zoos, national parks, botanical gardens and red books of plants and animals. plays a major role in conservation.The process of desertification: 40 million square kilometers of the earth's land area is arid region, and more than 15% of the world's population has settled in this area due to the rapid development of agriculture, improper use of irrigated lands and pastures, As a result of deforestation, the level of desertification is increasing year by year. 9.1 million deserts created by human influence. km. reached to sq. Currently, 6 million per year of land on our planet is turning into a desert. Regional environmental problems. Environmental problems specific to certain regions of the Earth's surface, arising as a result of natural-climatic, social-ecological, interactions between nature and man, are called regional environmental problems. Air and water pollution, soil erosion, loss of pastures, cutting down of trees in forests are criteria for assessing regional environmental problems. exceed the specified amount and others. The most important of the regional ecological problems in Central Asia is the ecological problem of the Island and the entire island. The Aral Sea was considered one of the largest seas until recently. It had important fishing, hunting, transportation and recreational importance. As a result of the development of irrigated agriculture, the water discharge of Amudarya and Syrdarya decreased to 37.8 km3 by 1970, and to 11.1 km3 in 1980. Water salinity increased from 9-10 g/liter to 34-37 g/liter. Currently, the average annual decrease in sea level is 80-110 cm (if the island falls to 33 meters from the previous 53 cm, the island will be divided into 2, at least 33.5 meters should be maintained). The dry bottom of the island has become a large dusty place. The population's drinking water is contaminated with pesticides, and death has doubled over the next 10 years. Infant mortality is 45-90 out of every 1,000 births. 80% of women are anemic. 90% of children have increased salt content in their urine. In order to preserve the island, together with the Central Asian Republics, we will develop a unified water management policy in the amount of 20-21 cubic km of water per year that will be poured into the island in a short period of time. should be taken into account. It had important fishing, hunting, transportation and recreational importance. As a result of the development of irrigated agriculture, the water discharge of Amudarya and Syrdarya decreased to 37.8 km3 by 1970, and to 11.1 km3 in 1980. Water salinity increased from 9-10 g/liter to 34-37 g/liter. Currently, the average annual decrease in sea level is 80-110 cm (if the island falls to 33 meters from the previous 53 cm, the island will be divided into 2, at least 33.5 meters should be maintained). The dry bottom of the island has become a large dusty place. The population's drinking water is contaminated with pesticides, and death has doubled over the next 10 years. Infant mortality is 45-90 out of every 1,000 births. 80% of women are anemic. 90% of children have increased salt content in their urine. In order to preserve the island, together with the Central Asian Republics, we will develop a unified water management policy in the amount of 20-21 cubic km of water per year that will be poured into the island in a short period of time. should be taken into account. Local environmental problems. (local.) Local ecological problems are typical for certain regions, if they arise as a result of the activities of various enterprises, land irrigation, improper use of pastures. Today, independent Uzbekistan is a large industrial and agrarian region, and in the future, it is planned to further develop the machine-building, energy, chemical, food industry, and transport complex facing the world. The development of productive forces has a certain negative impact on the social and ecological situation in the republic. The problems of nature protection in our republic are as follows: 1. Problems of nature protection in regions where large regional industrial complexes are located. (Angren, Almalik, Chirchik, Fergana, Margilan, Navoi and Hjkozo.) 2. Island and coastal problems, protection of water resources and their optimal use. 3. Contamination of natural waters with industrial waste pesticides and mineral fertilizers. 4. Problems of protection and restoration of flora and fauna, and expansion of the network of national parks. Questions to reinforce the topic. 1. What do you mean by environmental problem? 2. Explain the phenomenon of atmospheric condensation? 3. Explain the problem of thinning of the ozone layer? 4. What environmental problems does the use of pesticides cause? 5. Explain the causes of environmental problems on the island and around the island? Together, in a short period of time, the development of a unified water management policy in the amount of 20-21 km3 of water per year will be poured into the island, while preserving all the natural lakes on the island should be taken into account. Local environmental problems. (local.) Local ecological problems are typical for certain regions, as a result of the activities of various enterprises, land irrigation, improper use of pastures. Today, independent Uzbekistan is a large industrial and agrarian region, and in the future, it is planned to further develop the machine-building, energy, chemical, food industry, and transport complex facing the world. The development of productive forces has a certain negative impact on the social and ecological situation in the republic. Yüklə 47,67 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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