European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education

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European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education 
http://innovatus.es/index.php/ejine
 
Volume 3, No 10 | Oct - 2023 | Page 
| 42 
European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE) 
Volume 3 | Issue 10 | Oct - 2023 ISSN:
2795-8612
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The Experience of Learning to Read from Foreign Countries 
 
Sahiba Yuldasheva 
Fergana regional branch of Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture 
 
A B S T R A C T 
Learning to read is one of the social problems worldwide today. Library 
communities in almost all countries are concerned about this. The goal of 
studying reading is, first of all, to deeply understand the interests and 
needs of the reader, library user, and therefore to provide him with more 
effective service.
 
A R T I C L E I N F O 
Article history: 
Received 
13 Aug 2023 
Received 
in revised form
15 Sep 2023 
Accepted 
31 Oct 2023 
 
Keywords
: reading problems, 
trend, experimental study, 
American Library Association, 
developmental reading.
 
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Paying serious attention to the problems of reading, purposeful study of readers’ interests, organization of 
research, their methods, etc., all of these are closely related to the general situation and traditions of each 
country’s culture, education, economy, and politics. It can be seen that the study of reading and the single 
science about the reader is still in the stage of formation. However, there are countries that have a lot of 
experience in this regard. Thus, despite the fact that in terms of reading, Russia was formed much later 
than the rest of Europe, studies in the field of reading and teaching show that the work in this field was 
carried out in Russia earlier than in other countries, that is, from the beginning of the 19th century. turned 
out to be lum. In the first years of the existence of the Imperial Public Library, its director A. N. Olenin 
began the first sociological ("proto-sociological") research on reading in Russia, the results of which were 
reflected in the report of the library in 1817. Thus, N.A. Rubakin, he "Note that experimental study of 
reading and the psychology of reading began much earlier in Russia than abroad. It is characteristic that 
the interest in the study of reading and the psychology of reading in Russia is almost always based on two 
trends: Enlightenment education - associated with the traditions of Russian liberal intellectuals, whose 
task is to educate the masses and it is seen in introducing knowledge and propaganda, ideological 
education - that is, education related to the use of the psychology of reading as a means of revolutionary 
propaganda, ideological education. As for the experience of learning to read in foreign countries, the 
available sources show that the situation in this regard is very uncertain. Roger Chartier and Guillermo 
Cavallo’s well-known fundamental studies on the history of reading and its distribution in the world have 
not been translated into other languages. However, problems in the study of reading and the psychology 
of reading have only been casually addressed by analyzing the evolution of research. However, it is clear 
that the most active study of book reading (users, customers) in foreign countries began only in the last 
decades of the 20th century. Today, both in Europe and America, the psychology of learning at various 
levels is studied intensively. Researchers emphasize the difference between American and European 
approaches to the study of the psychology of reading. America, which was discovered only half a century 
after Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press and did not have the level of book culture as in Europe, 
also focused on the problem of reading books, seeing in this process the main factor necessary for 
education and training and the beginning of raising the standard of human life. Sociological studies of 
library patrons in America are believed to have begun only in the middle of the 20th century, although the 

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