Examples of the history of the material culture of chaganian are the pearls of our spirituality

 
 
World Bulletin of Social Sciences (WBSS) 
Available Online at: 
https://www.scholarexpress.net 
Vol. 5, December - 2021 
ISSN: 
2749-361X 
143 
One of the most significant periods in the 
history of the Chagan culture is the Hellenistic period. 
The museum presents the Hellenistic culture, 
of particular importance is the part of the circle at the 
top of the humus, accidentally found and transferred 
to the museum by a school teacher, a selfless local 
historian, a historian from the village of Dzhoyylma, 
Shurchinsky district, Elmurad Yuldashev. The famous 
archaeologist, academician E.V. Rtveladze scientifically 
studied this inscription and found that the inscription 
was written in the ancient Latin alphabet and the word 
"mojoro" is written. According to the scientist, "mojo" 
means a king, and "ro" means a person. 
Hence the meaning of a king named Ro. 
Interestingly, since no king named Ro was found in 
sources from that period, further research could locate 
this historical figure, a discovery of world significance.
Monuments of the Kushan period occupy a 
significant place in the history of the Chaganyan 
culture. The largest monuments of this period are the 
archaeological sites Holchaion and Dalvarzintepa.
In the 1st century BC, Chaganian was one of 
the main centers of the Yuezhi state. During this 
period, Chaganian became part of the Kushan 
kingdom.
During this period, there were two large 
cultural centers in the oasis, one of which was Termez 
on the Amu Darya river, and the other - Dalvarzintepa 
on the Chaganrud (Surkhandarya) river. G.A. 
Pugachenkova described the life of Dalvarzintep in 
several periods:
1. Greco-Bactrian (III-II centuries BC) 
2. Yuechzhiy-Kushan or the first Kushan (1st 
century BC, 1st century AD) 
3. Great Kushan (second half of the 1st-2nd 
centuries BC). 
4. The last Kushan or Kushan Sassanids (III-
IV centuries AD) 
5. Ephthalites (V century AD) 
6. Chaganhudod (VI-VII centuries AD) 
considers it expedient to study. 
According to him, initially the city was built up 
by the population gradually. In any case, this idea is 
confirmed by the remains of cotton walls with an area 
of 3 hectares. This information is confirmed by the 
famous Uzbek archaeologist B. Turgunov. He writes: 
“Our first inspection in 1962 showed that he had a 
defensive wall of cotton and raw cotton 1 meter 60 cm 
thick” (History of Chiganian, T.2001, p. 93). 
The first archaeological excavations began 
here and coins of Euthydemus were found. Today, the 
numismatic fund of the Archaeological Museum 
contains many original samples of silver and copper 
coins found in the monuments of Dalvarzintep and 
other Kushan periods of Chaganian. The exhibition hall 
of the Museum "Culture of the Kushan Period" 
presents rare exhibits of world importance. Among 
them are many terracotta figurines found in 
Dalvarzintepa, female hair clips made of bone, a piece 
of the Buddha's head, a complex pole in the shape of 
an elephant and a zebu. Chess pieces of the 1st-2nd 
centuries, a model of a house and a courtyard found in 
Dalvarzintepa, a statue of a woman's head, from 
miniatures to large (90-95 cm) found in Holchaion, are 
the basis of exceptionally graceful and graceful 
columns. is a vivid demonstration of the rise of the 
material culture of Chaganian in the 19th century. 
The findings of Dalvarzintep in the museum's 
collection make it possible to comprehensively 
understand the past way of life and traditions of the 
peoples of the oasis. For example, many terracotta 
statues depicting horses confirm that horses have long 
been skillful riders, and images of people playing 
ancient musical instruments and dancing with spoons 
show that Chaganiyan was a people who loved art, 
and they are carefully preserved in the museum's 
funds. 
Cultural life flourished in the Kushan period as 
well. Historical sources confirm that the Bactrian 
language was declared the state language under King 
Kanishka. 
In the 5th and 8th centuries, Tokharistan was 
officially divided into many small estates (there were 
27 of them) under central authority. The central city of 
Chaganian's possessions was Budrach, located at the 
confluence of the Red River Chaganian with 
Surkhandarya. The wall of the central city of 
Chaganian was 5 km (10 km). 
The cities of the V-VIII centuries, Chaganian, 
like the cities of the Kushan period, consisted of two 
main components: the alo arches and Shahristan. 
The Budrach Arch is home to the ruler's palace 
and related buildings. In the urban planning of 
Chaganian, very complex architectural styles were 
used. These include domed rooms, brick arched roofs, 
the construction of the second and third floors from 
above, and the construction of mud brick arched 
doors. Chaganiyan architects skillfully used straw 
plaster, frescoes, monumental sculptures and carvings 
to decorate city reception rooms, hotels and household 
premises. 
In particular, in the funds of the department of 
the early Middle Ages of the museum, handicrafts of 
the 5th-8th centuries, found in the Bittepa burial 
ground in the Chaganian region, have been preserved, 
some of which are successfully exhibited in the 
exhibition hall of this period. 

---