11.2. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
11.3. Graphical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Expressiveness – a kind of intensification of an utterance or a part of it.
Emotiveness – the emotions of writer or speaker.
Expressiveness – broader than emotiveness. Emotiveness occupies a predominant position in expressiveness.
There are media in language, which aim at logical emphasis of a certain part of utterance. They evoke no feelings but serve the purpose of verbal actualization of the utterance.
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Expressive Means – phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-system for the purpose of logical and/or emotional intensification of the utterance. All these forms have neutral synonyms.
Phonetic expressive means: pitch, melody, stress, whispering, manner of speaking, pauses, etc.
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Word-building expressive means: suffixes and productive patterns of word formation.
Lexical expressive means: words, which obtain inherent expressiveness, perceived without any context. There are words with emotive meaning only, words which have both referential and emotive meaning, slang, vulgar, poetic and archaic words, set-phrases and phraseological units.
Morphological expressive means: grammatical forms (tenses, pronouns, articles, modal verbs) which obtain inherent expressiveness, perceived without any context.
Syntactical expressive means: constructions, which reveal a certain degree of logical and emotional emphasis.
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Stylistic Device is a conscious and intentional intensification of some typical structure and/or semantic property of a language unit (neutral or expressive) promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative model. Stylistic devices function in texts as marked units and always carry additional information.
Most stylistic devices display an application of two meanings: the ordinary one, which has already been established in the language-as-a-system, and a special meaning which is attributed to the unit by text, i.e. a meaning which appears in the language-in-action.
