Cell Hormone Chemistry Physiological Action Somatotropes Growth hormone (GH;
somatotropin)
Single chain of 191 amino acids Stimulates body growth; stimulates secretion of IGF-1;
stimulates lipolysis; inhibits actions ofinsulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Corticotropes Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; corticotropin)
Single chain of 39amino acidsStimulates production of glucocorticoids andandrogens by
the adrenal cortex; maintains
size of zona fasciculata and zona reticularisof cortexnThyrotropesThyroid-stimulating
hormone(TSH; thyrotropin)
Table 75-1 Cells and Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland and Their Physiological
Functions
IGF, insulin-like growth factor. Sinusoid Gamma( ) cellEpsilon ( )acidophil cell Delta ( )
basophil cell
Alpha ( ) cell Beta ( ) cell
Figure 75-3 Cellular structure of the anterior pituitary
gland.
(Redrawn from Guyton AC: Physiology of the Human Body, 6th ed.Philadelphia:
Saunders College Publishing, 1984.)Chapter 75 Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the
Hypothalamus 897
U n i t X IV
