Lower Brain or Subcortical Level
Many, if not most, of what we call subconscious activities of the body are controlled in the lower
areas of the brain—in the medulla, pons, mesencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, and
basal ganglia. For instance, subconscious control of arterial pressure and respiration is achieved mainly
in the medulla and pons.
Higher Brain or Cortical Level
After the preceding account of the many nervous system
functions that occur at the cord and lower brain levels, one may ask, what is left for the cerebral cortex
to do? The answer to this is complex, but it begins with the fact that the cerebral cortex is an extremely
large memory storehouse.
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