Cast magnesium
alloys are more commonly used in aircraft . The biggest
advantage of magnesium alloys is their lowest density - specific gravity. Disadvantage:
low corrosion resistance, small elastic modulus.
There is little difference between the mechanical properties of cast aluminum
and magnesium alloys. Therefore, it is useful to replace cast aluminum alloys with cast
magnesium alloys in aircraft construction.
ML2, ML4, ML5, ML10, ML12 are highly corrosion resistant alloys. ML2 has
1.4% Mn. It is welded. Therefore, it is used for details that require high
"hermetichnost", but are not loaded (nenagrujennyy).
ML3, ML7-1 - medium fineness alloys. Contains Al, Zn, Mn: all within 5-7%.
Does not improve during thermal operation.
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ML4, ML, ML6 - high precision alloys: Al+Zn+Mn=8.5-10.9%; These are used
for long-life parts: but the operating temperature should not exceed 150
o C.
Refractory alloys
: ML10 (250
o
C); ML11 (250
o
C); ML14 (350-370
o
C).
Contains: calcium, cerium, zirconium, neobium ( T d), thorium, Zn.
It is mainly used in the form of stamping. Camrock in the form of sheets, pipes,
profiles. Hammering and stamping is performed at 300-400 C; cracks at low
temperature. Hot pressing improves processing accuracy and plasticity.
MA1; MA8; MA9 - highly corrosion-resistant alloys: MA1 - for tank
reinforcement, MA8 - for aileron, zakr i lka lining.
MA2; MA2-1 has medium accuracy. Hammered and stamped are used for details
of complex shape: "pikirovanie" brakes, "hood" blinds, "kr i lchatka" s. No thermal
processing.
VM17; VM65-1 - high precision alloys. Parts working under power are made:
aircraft engines .
Refractory alloys
: MA11 (250-300
o
C); MA (350-400
o
C); VMD1 (350-400
o
C).
It liquefies at 1083
o
C. The
relative weight is equal to = 8.93 kg/cm
3 .
The
crystal lattice is a zero-centered cube. Strength s v
=
240 MPa (24 kg/mm
2
), relative
elongation d = 50%, hardness NV = 35.
High heat and electrical conductivity, plasticity, corrosion resistance.
Disadvantages include low ductility properties, poor cutting performance, and
relatively rough cables can be eliminated by alloying with various elements .
Additives have a sufficient effect on the physical and mechanical properties of
copper. That's it dot from the point of view additions the following to groups divided
into:
1.
When working with pressure (cold and hot), reducers of accuracy: O
2
, Pb, S,
Se, Fe, Sb, Bi.
2.
Qir qib work : Se, Pe, Te, Si.
3.
Heat and electrical conductivity reducers: Pb, As, Sb, Fe, Al, P.
4.
Corrosion resistance reducers: O
2
, Fe.
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5.
Corrosion resistance enhancers: Be, Al.
6.
Copper refiners: Fe, P.
According to GOST 859-79, the following brands of copper are manufactured :
cathode - MV4
k
; MOO
k
; MO
day
; MO
k
; M1
k
; without oxygen - MOO
b
; MO
b
; M1
b
; cathodic remelted – M1
u
; returned (raskislennaya) - M1
r
; M2
r
; M3
r
; M3.
Depending on the amount of additives: MOO (99.99% Cu), MO (99.95% Cu),
M1 (99.9% Cu); M2 (99.7% Cu); M3 (99.5% Cu).
Copper alloys are divided according to their chemical composition:
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