Filozofia and filologia
UDC 821.512.122(091)
C.ph.s. Mаtbek Nursulu
Kazakhstan, Almaty, al-Farabi Kazakh National University
LANGUAGE OF S. BAKIRGANI KNOWLEDGE
Abstract.The author analyzez the language and rhyme style of religiuos representative
Suleiman Bakirgani and its influence on kazakh poetry.
It is thought that all medieval literary works were written in Shagatay
language. According to the scientist А. Аmanzholov, «Shagatay language was the
language used in the ХІV century, supposed name of written turkish language, in
the area of Central Asia, Zhetisu and eastern Turkistan, the area owned by the
Shyngys’s second son Shagatay. In turkish literature the term «shagatay language»
( or offered in singular meaning «ancient uzbek languageі») shows literary «turkish»
language of the ХІV-ХVІ centuries used in Central Asia which reached classical
meaning during Lame Timur epoch. There is no doubt that, «Shagatay language»
was continuation of eastern Turkistan literary language of the ХІ-ХІІІ centuries»
[1,74 б.].
It is known, that at the beginning of the ХІ century ogyz tribes settled on the
low tides of the Syrdaria river . When they moved to the central part of Asia,
kypchak tribes came to that place. Kypchaks invaded cities on the banks of
Syrdaria, Karatau rivers. After capturing Mangystau and close to it areas they
moved to Xoresm.
According to the scientist E. N. Nadjip , the Yassayi language corresponds to
the ogyz-kypchak language of the ХІІ century, but the kypchak language dominates.
Later, language peculiarities of Yassayi works found its continuation by followers,
mainly in studies of Bakirgani (Хакim Аtа).
R. Syzdykova, in her famous work «The language of Yassayi wisdom»
researched the works of well known turkish scholars P.M. Melioransky, К.G.
Zaleman, S. Е. Malov, А.К. Borovkov, А.N. Коnonov, A. Najip, N.А. Baskakov
and she supports A. Najip’s opinion, that the base of the Kypchak language is
literary language of ogyz-kypchak.
Everyone is concerned about the thing that Xakim ata’s works were as simple
as Yassayi studies to read and were devoted to the public. In this case we consider
that Yassayi and his student Bakirgani’s writings were easy to read and were written
in the language of local Kypchak tribes. The value of this versionis that it is very
close to our modern life and the problems were actual. In «Дiuani hikmet»,
«Bakirgani books» ( October, 1901) along with turkish language you can meet
arabic, percian words.
In S. Bakirgani ballad «Bibi Mariam» :
Talaq berdi duniaga,
Kadam urdi kagbaga,
Tagat kyldi Maulimga,
Tunlaroiag turdi- a [p.2,63 .]
At the end of every line we see double syllable verbs: berdi -aә, erdi-a (edi), turdi
—a, keldi- a, boldi-a, tedi-a (dedi), kechdi-a (keshti) with the help of a –there is a
rhyme.
S. Bakirgani works like writings of their teacher Yassayi mostly sang with
certain melody as devoted to religious activity. In fact, four line poetry is called
murabba in literary science. «Murabba» in Persian language means equal four
corners, square. Rhymed scheme aab, vvb, ggb and in some knowlede and studies
fully repeated in the fourth line of the poem.
On rhyme example of S. Bakirgani works famous poet Abay’s some poems
were written, for example «Iuzi- raushan, kosi- gauhar» and « Bilimdiden shykkan
soz»
Zhuregi – aina,konili oyau, (а)
Soz tyndamas ol bayau, (а)
Oz oneri tur tayau, (а)
Ukpasin ba sozdi tez. (ә) p.[3,83 ]
This traditional rhyme from arabic, iran, shagatay, lately was used in
Shakarim’s poetry:
Kansha zharyk nur kuisam, (а)
Khahihattan syr kuisam, (а)
Orshelener su kuisam, (а)
Napsi degen oty bar.[4,p.168 .] (a) is always repeated
at the end of the
line.
Briefly speaking, in S. Bakirgani’s works such kind of rhymed structures
mostly used to reveal content of religious literature and kind intentions of wise
poet is liked and respected by nowadays readers. So, S. Bakirgani is formed by his
epoch and common for all turkish people. His literary heritage is for well-being of
human and with good intentions that is why it has long life and it influenced greatly
on works of turkish language writers .
Literature:
1. Amanzholov А. Turkish philology and the history of writing. – Almaty:
Sanat, 1996. – p.128 .
2. Bokirgoni Sulaimon. Bokirgoni кitobi / Nashrga tayerlovchiler: I. Khakkul,
S. Rafiddin.–Toshkent: Ezuvchi, 1991.– p.80.
3. Abay (Ibrahim Kunanbayev): 2 collections. – Almaty: Zhazushi, 1986.– Т.1.–
p.248.
4. Shakarim. Imanym / Compiled by B. Baygaliev, E. Kaseinuli. – almaty:
Arys, p.2000.– 321.