Flow chart completion

Flow chart completion
Sample Academic Reading Flow-chart Completion (selecting words from the text) [Note: This is an extract from a Part 3 text about the effect of a low-calorie diet on the ageing process.] Adapted from ‘The Serious Search for an Anti-Aging Pill’. Copyright © 2006 Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. No treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too. But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less, a 'caloricrestriction mimetic'? The best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one. Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATPmaking machinery’s emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn’t) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries’ as growth and reproduction.
Akademik o'qish oqimi jadvalini to'ldirish namunasi (so'zlarni tanlash
matn)
[Eslatma: bu past kaloriya dietasining ta'siri haqida 3-qism matnidan olingan ko'chirma
qarish jarayoni.]
'Qarishga qarshi tabletkani jiddiy qidirish' dan moslashtirilgan. Mualliflik Huquqi 2006 Yil Ilmiy
Amerika, tabiat Amerika bo'limi, Inc. Barcha huquqlar himoyalangan.
Bugungi kunda bozorda hech qanday davolanish insonning qarishini sekinlashtirishi isbotlanmagan. Lekin bitta
aralashuv, past kaloriyani iste'mol qilish.
biroq nutritionally muvozanatli ovqat, ishlari
hayvonlarning keng assortimentida nihoyatda yaxshi, uzoq umr ko'rish va yaxshilikni uzaytirish
salomatlik. Ushbu topilmalar kaloriya cheklovi qarishni kechiktirishi va ko'payishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi
odamlarda uzoq umr ham. Lekin nima kimdir taqlid bir hap yaratish mumkin, agar
odamlarni kamroq ovqatlanishga majbur qilmasdan kamroq ovqatlanishning fiziologik ta'siri, a 'kaloriya cheklovi mimetik'?
Kaloriya cheklovi uchun eng yaxshi o'rganilgan nomzod mimetik, 2dg (2-deoksi-D-glyukoza),
yo'l bilan aralashib ishlari hujayralar pro