Conclusión
Mientras las políticas que apoyan la innovación tecnológica y su difusión contribuyen al crecimiento y desarrollo económico, los sets de políticas que se consideran apropiadas para aprovechar la investigación y desarrollo financiada por el sector público dependen del contexto. Mucho depende de otros factores como el nivel de investigación que es financiada por el sector público, si se trata de investigación básica o aplicada, la capacidad de los socios de la industria, y de la naturaleza de los vínculos entre la universidad y la industria [54, 55].
Reconociendo todas estas dificultades, mentes razonables podrían no estar de acuerdo sobre el impacto de legislación parecida a BD en otras partes. Sin embargo, el ímpetus que se observa en los países en desarrollo para implementar legislación parecida a BD se basa en afirmaciones exageradas y erróneas sobre el impacto que esta ley ha tenido en EE UU, lo que puede ocasionar que los países en desarrollo tengan mayores expectativas de beneficios que los que llegarán a obtener. Es más, el capital político que se invierta en determinar las normas de posesión de las patentes puede minar la energía para luchar por políticas más importantes que apoyen la ciencia y la tecnología, especialmente la necesidad de financiamiento público para la investigación. Por ejemplo, dado que en muchos países en desarrollo el nivel de financiamiento público es bajo, poner énfasis en las regalías a expensas de los bienes públicos podría ser erróneo [61]. Es más, no está claro si alguno de los impactos positivos que BD ha tenido en EE UU se daría también en los países en desarrollo que adoptasen legislación parecida, ya que no tienen una pluralidad de agencias federales, universidades con orientación práctica, y otras características del sistema de investigación de EE UU.
En cualquier caso, tanto las leyes de patentes como los patrones de colaboración han cambiado sustancialmente desde que se aprobó BD en 1980. En la medida en que la legislación que gobierna las patentes y licencias de la investigación que se realiza en el sector público sea necesaria en los países en desarrollo, esta debería reflejar este nuevo contexto en lugar de importar ciegamente el modelo estadounidense que ya tiene 30 años.
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