Functional decay in tree community within tropical fragmented landscapes: effects of landscape-scale forest cover

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Supporting Information

Functional decay in tree community within tropical fragmented landscapes: effects of

landscape-scale forest cover

Larissa Rocha-Santos, Maíra Benchimol, Margaret Mayfield, Deborah Faria, Michaele Pessoa,

Daniela Talora, Eduardo Mariano-Neto, Eliana Cazetta

S1 Table - Frequency of tree species and their respective classification on regeneration

strategy, dispersion mode, and seed size, within 20 forest sites with different forest cover

amount in northeastern Brazil.

FAMILIES AND SPECIES

Regen.

Disp.

Seed

Nº ind.

Achariaceae

5

Carpotroche brasiliensis

5

Anacardiaceae

51

Astronium graveolens

4

Tapirira guianensis

37

Thyrsodium spruceanum

10

Annonaceae

55

Annona cacans

2

Annona glabra

3

Annona leptopetala

3

Annona muricata

2

Annona neolaurifolia

10

Annona salzmannii

1

Annona sylvatica

2

Annonaceae 5

1

Guatteria australis

8

Guatteria oligocarpa

3

Guatteria pogonopus

2

Hornschuchia obliqua

2

Pseudoxandra bahiensis

3

Rollinia sp1

1

Rollinia sp2

1

Xylopia aromatica

6

Xylopia frutescens

1

Xylopia ochrantha

1

Xylopia sericea

Apocynaceae

44

Aspidosperma discolor

6

Aspidosperma illustre

1

Aspidosperma parvifolium

2

Aspidosperma spruceanum

1

Geissospermum laeve

2

Himatanthus articulatus

2

Himatanthus bracteatus

14

Himatanthus phagedaenicus

1

Lacmellea bahiensis

5

Macoubea guianensis

1

Malouetia cestroides

2

Rauvolfia grandiflora

3

Tabernaemontana brasiliensis

1

Tabernaemontana salzmannii

3

Araliaceae

16

Schefflera morototoni

16

Arecaceae

111

Allagoptera caudescens

35

Bactris ferruginea

3

Bactris setosa

1

Euterpe edulis

51

Syagrus botryophora

21

Bignoniaceae

17

Bignoniaceae 1

1

Handroanthus chrysotrichus

4

Handroanthus impetiginosus

4

Jacaranda jasminoides

1

Jacaranda puberula

1

Jacaranda sp2

2

Tabebuia cassinoides

1

Tabebuia elliptica

3

Boraginaceae

30

Cordia anabaptista

2

Cordia ecalyculata

15

Cordia glabrifolia

1

Cordia membranacea

2

Cordia mucronata

1

Cordia polycephala

1

Cordia sp3

1

Cordia taguahyensis

2

Cordia toqueve

Cordia trachyphylla

1

Burseraceae

35

Protium aracouchini

4

Protium heptaphyllum

18

Protium icicariba

3

Protium sp1

1

Protium warmingiana

6

Tetragastris catuaba

3

Calophyllaceae

1

Kielmeyera elata

1

Caricaceae

1

Jacaratia heptaphylla

1

Caryocaraceae

1

Caryocar edule

ST

1

Celastraceae

9

Cheiloclinium cognatum

3

Maytenus distichophylla

2

Maytenus obtusifolia

1

Maytenus patens

2

Tontelea mauritioides

1

Chrysobalanaceae

27

Couepia belemii

3

Couepia impressa

2

Couepia monteclarensis

3

Hirtella hebeclada

1

Licania discolor

1

Licania hoehnei

1

Licania lamentanda

5

Licania littoralis

1

Licania naviculistipula

1

Parinari alvimii

5

Parinari sp1

4

Clusiaceae

18

Garcinia gardneriana

1

Garcinia macrophylla

5

Symphonia globulifera

2

Tovomita brevistaminea

1

Tovomita choisyana

2

Tovomita mangle

7

Combretaceae

4

Buchenavia sp1

1

Combretum sp1

Terminalia brasiliensis

2

Dichapetalaceae

3

Stephanopodium blanchetianum

2

Stephanopodium organense

1

Ebenaceae

1

Diospyros sp1

1

Elaeocarpaceae

8

Sloanea guianensis

6

Sloanea obtusifolia

1

Sloanea sp1

1

Erythroxylaceae

2

Erythroxylum martii

1

Erythroxylum squamatum

1

Euphorbiaceae

62

Actinostemon appendiculatus

4

Actinostemon verticillatus

2

Alchornea glandulosa

1

Alchornea triplinervia

3

Aparisthmium cordatum

3

Croton floribundus

3

Croton macrobothrys

3

Euphorbiaceae 2

2

Euphorbiaceae 4

1

Euphorbiaceae 6

1

Euphorbiaceae 7

3

Glycydendron amazonicum

4

Hevea brasiliensis

5

Mabea brasiliensis

4

Mabea piriri

4

Ophthalmoblapton crassipes

5

Ophthalmoblapton pedunculare

1

Pausandra megalophylla

1

Sapium glandulosum

3

Sebastiania gaudichaudii

2

Sebastiania jacobinensis

1

Senefeldera multiflora

5

Tetrorchidium rubrivenium

1

Fabaceae

234

Abarema turbinata

1

Aeschynomene sensitiva

1

Albizia pedicellaris

9

Andira anthelmia

Andira fraxinifolia

1

Andira legalis

1

Andira lewisii

1

Andira marauensis

2

Andira sp1

1

Andira sp2

1

Andira sp3

1

Arapatiella emarginata

1

Arapatiella psilophylla

14

Bauhinia sp1

2

Bowdichia virgilioides

2

Calliandra calycina

1

Chamaecrista amorimii

2

Chamaecrista bahiae

9

Chamaecrista duartei

9

Copaifera langsdorffii

2

Copaifera trapezifolia

2

Dialium guianense

16

Diplotropis incexis

1

Dipteryx sp1

1

Enterolobium monjollo

2

Exostyles venusta

1

Hymenaea aurea

1

Hymenaea oblongifolia

2

Hymenolobium janeirense

1

Inga capitata

4

Inga cylindrica

2

Inga luschnathiana

1

Inga sp1

1

Inga sp2

3

Inga sp3

1

Inga striata

4

Inga thibaudiana

8

Inga vera

21

Machaerium hirtum

1

Macrolobium latifolium

7

Melanoxylon brauna

5

Mimosa sp1

1

Moldenhawera blanchetiana

4

Moldenhawera floribunda

2

Parkia pendula

5

Peltogyne confertiflora

14

Peltogyne sp1

Piptadenia gonoacantha

3

Piptadenia paniculata

3

Plathymenia foliolosa

5

Poincianella pluviosa

5

Pterocarpus rohrii

9

Senegalia sp1

4

Senna multijuga

3

Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum

4

Swartzia macrostachya

1

Swartzia oblata

2

Swartzia polita

4

Swartzia simplex

3

Tachigali densiflora

4

Tachigali paratyensis

4

Vatairea heteroptera

2

Vataireopsis araroba

1

Zollernia glabra

1

Zollernia latifolia

1

Humiriaceae

6

Humiria balsamifera

2

Schistostemon retusum

2

Vantanea bahiaensis

1

Vantanea compacta

1

Hypericaceae

3

Vismia baccifera

1

Vismia guianensis

1

Vismia latifolia

1

Icacinaceae

1

Emmotum nitens

1

Lauraceae

91

Aniba intermedia

5

Beilschmiedia linharensis

1

Cryptocarya mandioccana

3

Lauraceae sp2

1

Lauraceae sp3

1

Lauraceae sp4

2

Licaria bahiana

8

Licaria guianensis

10

Nectandra membranacea

11

Nectandra purpurea

1

Nectandra sp1

7

Ocotea aciphylla

Ocotea cernua

1

Ocotea divaricata

5

Ocotea elegans

5

Ocotea indecora

5

Ocotea insignis

1

Ocotea longifolia

2

Ocotea macrophylla

2

Ocotea montana

1

Ocotea notata

1

Ocotea oppositifolia

4

Ocotea percoriacea

2

Ocotea puberula

8

Ocotea sp1

1

Lecythidaceae

62

Eschweilera ovata

50

Lecythis lurida

5

Lecythis pisonis

7

Malpighiaceae

20

Byrsonima alvimii

2

Byrsonima fanshawei

2

Byrsonima laxiflora

1

Byrsonima sericea

12

Byrsonima stipulacea

3

Malvaceae

65

Apeiba albiflora

1

Apeiba tibourbou

4

Basiloxylon brasiliensis

1

Ceiba sp1

1

Eriotheca globosa

5

Eriotheca macrophylla

35

Hydrogaster trinervis

1

Luehea divaricata

4

Pavonia makoyana

1

Pavonia morii

2

Quararibea sp1

1

Quararibea turbinata

1

Sterculia apetala

8

Melastomataceae

59

Henriettea succosa

16

Melastomataceae 1

1

Miconia amoena

3

Miconia centrodesma

Miconia dorsaliporosa

4

Miconia hypoleuca

7

Miconia minutiflora

2

Miconia mirabilis

3

Miconia prasina

10

Miconia speciosa

1

Tibouchina francavillana

5

Tibouchina sp1

1

Meliaceae

21

Guarea blanchetii

7

Trichilia casaretti

1

Trichilia elegans

5

Trichilia lepidota

4

Trichilia silvatica

4

Moraceae

145

Artocarpus heterophyllus

5

Brosimum guianense

6

Brosimum rubescens

13

Clarisia biflora

3

Clarisia ilicifolia

2

Ficus americana

1

Ficus christianii

2

Ficus hirsuta

1

Ficus insipida

2

Ficus sp1

1

Helicostylis tomentosa

99

Maclura tinctoria

2

Sorocea bonplandii

1

Sorocea guilleminiana

7

Myristicaceae

30

Virola gardneri

15

Virola officinalis

15

Myrtaceae

166

Calyptranthes sp1

1

Calyptranthes sp4

1

Campomanesia dichotoma

2

Campomanesia laurifolia

3

Eugenia adenantha

3

Eugenia astringens

1

Eugenia ayacuchae

3

Eugenia candolleana

1

Eugenia excelsa

Eugenia florida

1

Eugenia itapemirimensis

1

Eugenia lacistema

1

Eugenia luschnathiana

1

Eugenia magnifica

8

Eugenia melanogyna

3

Eugenia pauciflora

1

Eugenia pisiformis

1

Eugenia platyphylla

4

Eugenia plicata

1

Eugenia prasina

3

Eugenia pruniformis

2

Eugenia rostrata

1

Eugenia schottiana

7

Eugenia sp1

1

Eugenia sp10

5

Eugenia sp11

1

Eugenia sp13

1

Eugenia sp15

1

Eugenia sp17

1

Eugenia sp22

1

Eugenia sp23

2

Eugenia sp25

1

Eugenia sp28

1

Eugenia sp5

1

Eugenia sp6

1

Eugenia sp7

1

Eugenia sp9

1

Eugenia subterminalis

3

Eugenia umbellata

1

Gomidesia fenzliana

1

Marlierea excoriata

2

Marlierea obversa

5

Marlierea racemosa

1

Marlierea rufa

3

Marlierea sp1

1

Marlierea sp2

1

Marlierea sp3

1

Marlierea sp4

1

Marlierea sucrei

5

Myrcia anceps

1

Myrcia calyptranthoides

1

Myrcia carvalhoi

Myrcia eximia

1

Myrcia gigantea

3

Myrcia pseudomarlierea

1

Myrcia racemosa

6

Myrcia sp1

1

Myrcia sp11

1

Myrcia sp12

3

Myrcia sp14

2

Myrcia sp18

1

Myrcia sp20

1

Myrcia sp24

1

Myrcia sp25

1

Myrcia sp27

1

Myrcia sp28

1

Myrcia sp3

2

Myrcia sp9

3

Myrcia splendens

15

Myrcia sylvatica

2

Myrcia vittoriana

1

Myrciaria guaquiea

2

Myrtaceae 15

1

Myrtaceae 32

1

Myrtaceae 34

1

Myrtaceae 35

1

Myrtaceae 5

1

Neomitranthes langsdorfii

2

Plinia callosa

3

Plinia edulis

1

Plinia grandifolia

1

Plinia muricata

2

Plinia rara

2

Plinia sp1

1

Nyctaginaceae

102

Guapira hirsuta

11

Guapira laxiflora

9

Guapira nitida

56

Guapira obtusata

1

Guapira opposita

8

Guapira sp1

1

Neea duckei

2

Neea floribunda

1

Neea macrophylla

4

Neea madeirana

Neea verticillata

7

Olacaceae

16

Aptandra sp1

1

Aptandra tubicina

4

Heisteria ovata

1

Heisteria perianthomega

5

Heisteria sp2

1

Schoepfia brasiliensis

1

Tetrastilydium brasiliense

2

Tetrastylidium grandifolium

1

Peraceae

32

Chaetocarpus echinocarpus

1

Pera glabrata

5

Pogonophora schomburgkiana

26

Phyllanthaceae

3

Hyeronima alchorneoides

2

Margaritaria nobilis

1

Picramniaceae

1

Picramnia glazioviana

1

Polygonaceae

9

Coccoloba arborescens

1

Coccoloba bullata

2

Coccoloba glaziovii

1

Coccoloba oblonga

1

Coccoloba rosea

3

Coccoloba sp1

1

Primulaceae

2

Myrsine coriacea

1

Myrsine guianensis

1

Proteaceae

3

Roupala sp1

3

Quiinaceae

1

Quiina glaziovii

1

Rubiaceae

67

Alseis floribunda

1

Alseis latifolia

1

Amaioua guianensis

3

Bathysa mendoncaei

4

Bathysa sp1

1

Chomelia pedunculosa

2

Cordiera bahiensis

1

Cordiera sp1

Coussarea carvalhoi

5

Coussarea ilheotica

4

Faramea biflora

1

Guettarda platyphylla

1

Guettarda sp1

1

Guettarda viburnoides

1

Ixora muelleri

3

Palicourea blanchetiana

1

Posoqueria latifolia

2

Psychotria bahiensis

1

Psychotria mapourioides

9

Psychotria sp1

1

Psychotria tenerior

2

Psychotria vellosiana

2

Randia nitida

1

Rubiaceae 1

2

Rubiaceae 2

1

Rubiaceae 4

3

Rubiaceae 6

2

Rubiaceae 7

1

Rudgea involucrata

1

Rudgea pachyphylla

1

Simira glaziovii

4

Tocoyena bullata

3

Rutaceae

17

Almeidea caerulea

1

Conchocarpus macrophyllus

1

Dictyoloma vandellianum

1

Hortia arborea

2

Pilocarpus grandiflorus

1

Pilocarpus sp1

1

Pilocarpus spicatus

1

Rutaceae 1

1

Zanthoxylum nemorale

1

Zanthoxylum rhoifolium

7

Salicaceae

46

Banara brasiliensis

1

Casearia arborea

3

Casearia bahiensis

3

Casearia commersoniana

25

Casearia silvestris

9

Casearia sp1

Macrothumia kuhlmannii

2

Salicaceae 1

1

Salicaceae 2

1

Sapindaceae

34

Allophylus edulis

7

Allophylus sericeus

2

Cupania impressinervia

2

Cupania oblongifolia

1

Cupania racemosa

1

Cupania rugosa

2

Cupania scrobiculata

1

Cupania sp2

1

Cupania sp4

2

Cupania tenuivalvis

1

Cupania torta

5

Matayba discolor

1

Matayba guianensis

1

Matayba juglandifolia

1

Sapindaceae 1

2

Scyphonychium multiflorum

1

Talisia cerasina

2

Talisia esculenta

1

Sapotaceae

129

Chrysophyllum gonocarpum

2

Chrysophyllum lucentifolium

1

Chrysophyllum splendens

13

Diploon cuspidatum

3

Ecclinusa ramiflora

22

Manilkara longifolia

2

Manilkara maxima

4

Manilkara multifida

2

Manilkara salzmannii

6

Micropholis crassipedicellata

4

Micropholis gardneriana

14

Micropholis guyanensis

1

Pouteria atlantica

2

Pouteria bangii

12

Pouteria bapeba

1

Pouteria bilocularis

1

Pouteria grandiflora

10

Pouteria guianensis

1

Pouteria macahensis

Pouteria macrophylla

5

Pouteria microstrigosa

1

Pouteria peduncularis

2

Pouteria procera

2

Pouteria reticulata

4

Pouteria sp1

1

Pouteria sp3

1

Pouteria sp4

2

Pouteria venosa

2

Pradosia kuhlmannii

1

Pradosia lactescens

3

Pradosia sp2

1

Sapotaceae sp3

2

Simaroubaceae

2

Simarouba amara

2

Siparunaceae

9

Siparuna guianensis

ST

9

Solanaceae

4

Aureliana fasciculata

1

Solanum sooretamum

1

Solanum sp2

2

Urticaceae

26

Cecropia cecropiifolia

1

Cecropia hololeuca

2

Cecropia pachystachya

2

Pourouma guianensis

1

Pourouma mollis

6

Pourouma velutina

14

Violaceae

48

Paypayrola blanchetiana

4

Paypayrola sp1

1

Rinorea guianensis

43

Total

1955

Legend: regeneration strategy (ST: shade-tolerant, SI: shade-intolerant), dispersal mode (AB:

abiotic-dispersed, BI: biotic-dispersed) and seed size (SS: small-seeded, LS: large-seeded). NC:

no classification.