G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi
to aim at -ni nishonga olmoq The hunter aimed at
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to aim at -ni nishonga
olmoq The hunter aimed at the wolf. Ovchi bo‘rini nishonga oldi. to arrive at -ga yetib kelmoq (kichkina sha- harga, shahar ichidagi joyga) He arrived at Klin (at the station). U Klinga (stansiyaga) yetib keldi. to call at -ga kirib chiqmoq Does the steamer call at Poti? Paroxod Potiga kira- dimi? to hint at -ga sha’ma qilmoq What are you hinting at? Siz nimaga sha’ma qi- layapsiz? to knock at -ni taqil- latmoq, qoqmoq He knocked at the door. U eshikni taqillatdi (qo- qdi). to laugh at -(usti)dan kulmoq They laughed at him. Ular uning ustidan ku- lishdi. to look (glance) at -ga qaramoq I looked at him. Men unga qaradim. to shout at -ga baqir- moq Don’t shout at him. Unga baqirmang. to throw at -ga otmoq, irg‘itmoq He threw a stone at the dog. U itga tosh otdi. Lekin: He threw a stone into the river (into the water). U daryoga (suvga) tosh otdi. to value (estimate) at -ga baholamoq He values the picture at 1500 dollars. U suratni 1500 dollarga baholaydi. They estimate the losses at 2000 dollars. Ular zararni 2000 dol- larga baholashyapti. to work at ustida ish- lamoq He is working at a new invention. U yangi ixtiro ustida ishlayapti. to rejoice at -dan xur- sand bo‘lmoq He rejoiced at his suc- cess. U uning muvaffaqiyati- dan xursand bo‘ldi. to wonder at -dan hay ratlanmoq, ajab- lanmoq I don’t wonder at that. Men bundan ajablan- mayman. to be surprised at -dan hayratlanmoq, ajab lan moq We were surprised at his behaviour. Biz uning o‘zini tuti- shidan hayratlandik. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 207
astonished) at (by) -dan larzaga kelmoq (ajablanmoq, hayratlan- moq) I hope you weren’t shocked by (at) what I said. Umid qilamanki siz mening gapimdan lar- zaga tushmadingiz. 4. At bilan yasalgan iboralar: at the age of yoshda at the beginning -ning boshida at all costs nima qilib bo‘lsa ham at dinner (supper, tea) tushlikda (kechki ovqatda, choyda) at somebody’s disposal -ning ixti- yorida at the end oxirida at the expence of -ning hisobida at fi rst avvalo at the head of -ning boshida at home uyda at least hech bo‘lmaganda at last nihoyat at (the) latest eng kechi bilan at a low (high) price (past) baland narxda at times ba’zan at corner muyulishda at the front (back) oldinda (orqada) at sea dengizda (sayohatda) at one’s option birovning ixtiyori bilan at once birdan at the rate of hajmda at any rate har holda at the request of -ning iltimosiga ko‘ra at a salary of maoshda at somebody’s service -ning xiz- matida at fi rst sight bir ko‘rishda at a speed of tezlikda at a time bir martada, bir vaqtda at this (that, the same) time shu (o‘sha, bir) vaqt (da) at the top of one’s voice tovushi- ning boricha, bor ovozda to be at war urush holatida bo‘l moq at night tunda at (the) most eng ko‘pi bilan at the traffi c lights svetaforda at the church cherkovda at the roundabout aylanma at a temperature haroratda Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius. Suv selsiyda 100 daraja haroratda qaynaydi. BEFORE 1. oldin, ilgari (vaqtga nisbatan ishlatiladi, antonimi after): I shall fi nish my work before fi ve o’clock. Men ishimni soat beshdan oldin tugataman. We shall have a walk before dinner. Biz tushlikdan oldin sayr qilamiz. The ship will arrive at the port of loading before the end of Decem- ber. Kema yuk oladigan portga dekabr- ning oxiridan ilgari yetib keladi. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 208
He stopped before a shop. U do‘kon oldida to‘xtadi. There are very many important tasks before us. Oldimizda juda ko‘p muhim vazifalar bor. Joyga nisbatan beforening o‘rnida ko‘pincha in front of ishlatiladi. He stopped in front of(= before) the door. U eshik oldida to‘xtadi. 3. oldin, ilgari (ravish bo‘lib keladi): I have heard that before. Men buni ilgari eshitganman. Have you been there before? U yerda ilgari bo‘lganmisiz? Izoh: Before ilgari ma’nosida bog‘lovchi ham bo‘lib keladi. I shall leave Samarkand before he returns. 4. Before bilan kelgan iboralar. The day before yesterday o‘tgan kun, kechadan oldingi kun the day before oldingi kun before long tezda long before bundan ancha oldin BEHIND 1. orqasida, ortida (joyga nisbatan ishlatiladi, antonimi before yoki in front of): He sat behind me. U mening orqamda o‘tirdi. The garden is behind the house. Bog‘ uyning orqasida. 2. orqada, orqaga (ravish bo‘lib keladi): They were walking behind. Ular orqada kelishayotgan edi. He left them far behind. U ularni juda orqada qoldirib ketdi. 3. tarafi da bo‘lmoq, qo‘llamoq: Congress is behind the Presideent on this issue. Kongres bu masalada Prezident tarafi da. 4. orqasida bo‘lmoq, qo‘li bo‘lmoq: The police believe a local gang is behind the killings. Qotilliklar orqasida mahalliy jino- yatchilar turganligiga politsiya isho- nadi. 5. behind bilan kelgan iboralar: To be behind time kechikmoq behind one’s back orqasidan to be behind the times hayotdan ortda qolmoq to be behind somebody -dan orqada qolmoq www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 209
1. ostida, past (antonimi above): He signed his name below mine. U mening imzoyim ostiga imzo chekdi. The temperature was below zero. Harorat noldan past edi. 2. quyida, pastda, pastdan (ravish bo‘lib keladi): The prices of the goods are stated below. Mollarning narxlari quyida kel- tirilgan. Although I was on the third fl oor, I heard the noise below. Men uchinchi qavatda bo‘lsam ham, pastdan shovqinni eshitdim. BESIDE 1. yonida, bo‘yida: He was sitting beside me. U mening yonimda o‘tirgan edi. The house stood beside the river. Uy daryo bo‘yida (yonida) turar edi. 2. o‘zida bo‘lmaslik: He was beside himself with joy/rage. U o‘zida yo‘q xursand edi. Ach - c hig‘i chiqqan edi. 3. iboralar: Beside the purpose maqsadsiz Beside the nature g‘ayritabiiy BESIDES 1. -dan tashqari: I have read some articles on this subject besides the books you gave me. Bu masalada men siz bergan kitoblardan tashqari bir nechta maqolalar o‘qidim. We have shipped 2000 tons of wheat against this contract besides the 5000 tons which were shipped in September. Biz bu shartnoma bo‘yicha sentabrda yuklangan 5000 ton- na bug‘doydan tashqari 2000 tonna bug‘doy yukladik. 2. bundan tashqari (ravish bo‘lib keladi): I don’t like this suit-case; besides it’s too small. Menga bu chamadon yoqmayapti; bundan tashqary u juda kichik. 14 — M. G‘apporov www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 210
1. o‘rtasida, orasida (ikki shaxs yoki buyumlar o‘rtasida): The ship makes regular voyages be- tween Odessa and Batumi. Kema Odessa va Batumi o‘rtasida muntazam qatnaydi. BEYOND 1. orqasida, ortida, narigi tomonda (ancha narida): The village is beyond the river. Qishloq daryoning narigi tomo- nida. He lives beyond the bridge. U ko‘prik ortida yashaydi. 2. beyond bilan kelgan iboralar: beyond belief aqlga to‘g‘ri kelmay- digan beyond doubt shubhasiz beyond hope umid qilib bo‘lmay- digan beyond one’s expectations kutgan- dan ham ziyoda beyond one’s strength(power) kuchi yetmaydigan darajada beyond one’s understanding aqlga sig‘maydigan it is beyond me bunga aqlim yetmaydi BY 1. tomonidan, bilan (ish-harakatni bajaruvchi shaxsni yoki kuchni ifo- dalash uchun ishlatiladi): «Navoi» was written by Oybek. «Navoiy» Oybek tomonidan yozil gan. This machine is driven by electri city. Bu mashina elektr bilan yuradi (ishlaydi). 2. bilan, yordamida (odatda gerund bilan kelib ish-harakatni bajarish usuli yoki vositasini ifodalaydi): He improved his pronunciation by reading aloud. U ovoz chiqarib o‘qish bilan ta- laffuzini yaxshiladi. You will help me by telling me all you know about it. Buni hammasini aytib be rishin- giz bilan siz menga yor dam be- rasiz. The fi rm violated the contract by de- livering goods of low quality. Firma past sifatli tovarlar yet- kazib berish bilan shartnoma- ni buzdi. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 211
They had discharged the steamer by three o’clock. Ular soat uchgacha kemaning yukini tushirib bo‘lishdi. He will have fi nished his work by Monday. U ishini dushanbagacha tuga- tadi. 4. yonida, oldida: He was sitting by the window. U deraza yonida o‘tirgan edi. The house stood by the river. Uy daryo bo‘yida edi. 5. yonidan (= past): He walked by me without saying a word. U mening yonimdan bir so‘z demasdan o‘tib ketdi. 6. yonidan (past bilan birga ravish bo‘lib keladi): He walked (drove, ran) Yüklə 0,99 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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