"Global warming" redirects here. For other uses, see Climate change

Environmental effects
Further information: Effects of climate change on oceans and Effects of climate change on the water cycle
The environmental effects of climate change are broad and far-reaching, affecting oceans, ice, and weather. Changes may occur gradually or rapidly. Evidence for these effects comes from studying climate change in the past, from modelling, and from modern observations.^[154] Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency.^[155] Extremely wet or dry events within the monsoon period have increased in India and East Asia.^[156] The rainfall rate and intensity of hurricanes and typhoons is likely increasing,^[157] and the geographic range likely expanding poleward in response to climate warming.^[158] Frequency of tropical cyclones has not increased as a result of climate change.^[159]
Historical sea level reconstruction and projections up to 2100 published in 2017 by the U.S. Global Change Research Program^[160]
Global sea level is rising as a consequence of glacial melt, melt of the Greenland ice sheets and Antarctica, and thermal expansion. Between 1993 and 2020, the rise increased over time, averaging 3.3 ± 0.3 mm per year.^[161] Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm.^[162] Increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, risking a large melt of the ice sheet^[163] and the possibility of a 2-meter sea level rise by 2100 under high emissions.^[164]
Climate change has led to decades of shrinking and thinning of the Arctic sea ice.^[165] While ice-free summers are expected to be rare at 1.5 °C degrees of warming, they are set to occur once every three to ten years at a warming level of 2 °C.^[166] Higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations have led to changes in ocean chemistry. An increase in dissolved CO₂ is causing oceans to acidify.^[167] In addition, oxygen levels are decreasing as oxygen is less soluble in warmer water.^[168] Dead zones in the ocean, regions with very little oxygen, are expanding too.^[169]