gaining self-knowledge and using it to inspire expansive humanitarian images of God and larger
ideas of country. Increased self-knowledge, manifested globally, could then guide new
applications of science and offer a universal meaning to human existence that is in keeping with
both reason and the innate capacity of the heart to identify with all of life.
The first step in investigating the avenue to self-knowledge is to reject biases and refuse to
accept anything on authority. As children, we picked up initial information about the world from
the ideas of parents, peers, teachers, and religious leaders. Buried within the storehouse of this
limiting information are beliefs passed down to us as truths. As we age, misguided ideas of self
become firmly rooted and repeatedly used to assess views introduced over time. Meanwhile,
the world deceptively confirms our ideas simply because we use them to interpret sensory data.
To counteract these early influences and question the nature of self, it is necessary to gain a
wider perspective on human nature, culture, and history. For example, if you wish to focus on
the idea of God, self-study begins with an investigation into the many ideas of God that
humanity has developed. Similarly, to grapple with the idea of mortality, self-study calls for
observing life before deciding on beliefs about death. With sincere questioning, self-study
eventually reveals that ideas of the self have their roots in conditioning and notions of finitude.
The second step in exploring the avenue to self-knowledge is to differentiate between intuition
and cognitive instruments employed for gathering knowledge of the world, such as the senses,
feelings, and intellect. Sensory information, acquired about an object, for instance, assumes an
individuated sense of self observing the world but is incapable of revealing anything about the
underlying awareness. Feelings establish awareness of a world reflecting the beliefs of an
individuated self. The intellect interprets the sensory data, as do feelings, though they can trump
the intellectual response and color it. But while each generation of material scientists builds
upon the work of its predecessors, a million generations of scientists relying exclusively on five
senses, feelings, and an intellect would be insufficient for acquiring significant knowledge of a
substance of self-awareness. Even if the substance of self were quantifiable, its measurements
would have to pass through the senses, feelings, and intellect; but the senses register little of
the world, neither feelings nor the beliefs they reflect constitute direct knowledge of the objects
inspiring them, and the intellect interprets that meager data according to a conditioned idea of
self. Sensory data, then, even when aided by microscopes and telescopes, provides little
information for the self to make any final determinations regarding the nature of its own
cognition or presence in the cosmos. Intuition, on the other hand, reverses the flow of
awareness on itself, penetrating the sense of self in order to derive knowledge of the substance
of self-awareness prior to its individuation.
The third step in appraising self-knowledge is to recognize, through reason, that nonfinite
self-knowledge represents a human potential that transcends even the finite knowledge of an
expansive self identifying with all of humanity. While earlier steps on the avenue to
self-knowledge may expand the idea of self beyond historical codifications of religious, racial,
and cultural prejudices, they cannot help us realize the nonfinite substance of self behind all
seemingly individuated selves since they are taken in the footwear of finite faculties. Guided by
intuition instead of the senses and intellect, we move beyond an expansive sense of self and
begin identifying with the nonfinite substance of self underlying the cosmos.
These three steps gradually reveal that neither religious faith nor sensory information is
sufficient for ascribing an absolute and universal meaning to human existence. Meanings based
on faith show a strong contradiction with reason, the sense of justice, and the ideal of the
expansive self. And meanings drawn from finite sensory data cannot be entrusted with finality
because the conditioned sense of self precedes and naturally interprets sense perceptions.
Each of us, as it were, eats from the tree of knowledge of good and evil—the branching afferent
nervous system that bears the dualistic fruit of sensory data—and we are tasked with tempering
this inherently deceptive relative knowledge in our quest for certainty.
Since the mind retains conditioning and deciphers sensory data within the parameters of
space-time, our ideas of self and our judgments of other ideas are largely predicated on finite
self-encoded standards. Only by developing intuition— a nonfinite avenue to
self-knowledge—can we distinguish these standards from actual knowledge of the substance of
self-awareness. Otherwise, subsequent information arriving through the senses, feelings, or
intellect will continue to reinforce adherence to one or another finite idea of self. Aesop’s fable
“The Lion and the Statue” illustrates this point:
A man and a lion were discussing the relative strength of men and lions in general. The man
contended that he and his race were stronger than lions by reason of their greater intelligence.
“Come now with me,” he cried, “and I will soon prove that I am right.” So he took the lion into the
public gardens and showed him a statue of Hercules overcoming the lion and tearing his mouth
in two. “That is all very well,” said the lion, “but it proves nothing, for it was Man who made the
statue.”15
Human beings interpret information according to biases, wishes, and limited frames of
reference. Labels and statues, as well as religious symbols, theologies, and philosophies, may
name and define aspects of life, but they can never reveal anything directly about existence,
much like the equation 2 + 2 = 4, which is a relative mathematical definition rather than absolute
knowledge. In extreme circumstances, even this arithmetic breaks down. According to Albert
Einstein’s special relativity theory, the speed of light is an infinite barrier, and when it is
approached by two colliding spaceships, their relative velocity, no longer derived by adding their
individual velocities, would be more nearly reflected in the computation 2 + 2 = 2. Similarly, in
realizing the nonfinite self, finite statues, names, and definitions of the world become useless.
Wondering about God starts with questioning organized religion but eventually reveals that the
self projects itself into every decision, belief, and action in which it participates. And unless the
self is questioned, conditioning will continue to program it and keep it small. Through questions
emerging from the finite self it is impossible to realize a nonfinite self, but asking What is God?
evolves into the question What is self? as the questioner probes her fluctuating sense of identity
and comes to intuit her underlying expansive self-awareness. Hence, advanced steps along the
avenue to self-knowledge can no longer be based on the examination of human-made idols of
the world since doing so would at best only uncover the self who made them and the self who is
examining them. But once truth seekers learn to utilize the sophisticated avenue of intuition,
outer investigations will be coupled with positive and progressive inner realizations of the
substance of awareness.
Though science is unable to provide absolute knowledge of the cosmos, progress along the
avenue to self-knowledge is compatible with the scientific method, which employs reason,
imagination, and the recognition that all theories are invariably tested according to the
assumptions associated with a sense of self. As many prominent scientists have shown, to be
great in the quest for knowledge, seekers must challenge what others take for granted, embrace
the value of intuition, and nourish an expanded sense of self unidentified with one’s own
theories. To question accepted truths about the world, celebrated scientists would inwardly
ponder the data accumulated in laboratory experiments. Johannes Kepler, for one, used such
data to challenge assumptions made by Aristotle’s self circumscribed by ideas of planetary
perfection. Kepler arrived at his second law of motion through this insight, but because his
mathematical ability was not sophisticated enough to prove it, he did not understand why it was
true. Similarly, Einstein arrived at his special relativity theory by feeling it viscerally after
challenging an accepted theorem; upon realizing it within, he proved it mathematically. Newton’s
genius also reflected a freedom from tradition and prejudice that allowed him to see the world
differently and gift to science the calculus that could compute motion.
The scientific accumulation of material knowledge complements the search for self-knowledge
because both essentially have the same goal: knowledge. Regardless of the avenue to
knowledge, the word God most nobly represents the knowledge of everything, though ironically
it is used most often to indicate the unknown or hide the ignorance of belief. The knowledge
scientists and spiritual investigators seek when they ask What is God? differs only by
orientation: acquisition of material knowledge derives from outward observation, while intuitive
self-knowledge results from inward observation. Where God may be the cosmos to the
physicist, God is the self-awareness inherent in the cosmos to the intuitive scientist.
Further, material and intuitive investigators alike have developed tools for overcoming the
limited range of the senses in making discoveries. Due to telescopes and accelerators, material
scientists can now study everything from vast galaxies to subatomic particles. Similarly, ancient
intuitive scientists devised techniques for finding answers to What is self? without sensory
limitations by focusing on the very instruments used for gaining finite material knowledge: the
senses, feelings and intellect, and intuition. While material scientists use these faculties to study
the world, intuitive scientists turn them upon themselves to understand how the sense of self
and world are generated. The result is self-knowledge based not on conditional sensory data
but on the mechanics of awareness seemingly individuated from the one substance of the
cosmos.
Technically, these mechanics involve the intuitive capacity of the nervous system, which is
enlivened so that the cerebrospinal axis no longer relies on sensory data, feelings, or the
intellect to reap knowledge of the self. And the unraveling of that awareness allows the intuited
self to encompass the substance out of which the physical world is erected.
Intuitive and material scientists also view the physical world in much the same way—as if
through the eyes of a physicist. Some Indologists and modern physicists have discovered that
the ancient intuitive investigations found in the Vedas were probably considered by their authors
to be less theological writings and more works on the physics of a cosmos made up of the
superfine substance of awareness. And while physicists theorize about substances beyond the
confines of everyday space and time by observing the behavior of matter, intuitive scientists
bypass material phenomena though it theoretically emerges from the nonfinite substance of self.
The result is unerring knowledge that the human self is, even in its fragmented state, one with
the substance of self underlying all matter and even space and time.
To the intuitive scientist, nonfinite self-awareness includes only the awareness of a superfine
matter, which is very different from the awareness of matter gleaned through the senses. At the
same time, the substance of self does not qualify as pure spirit, which would imply the existence
of a spiritual world “out there” separated from this gross one. Instead, awareness is referred to
as substance precisely because, while infinite and indivisible, it underlies all grosser
substances. So to begin gaining awareness of the mechanics governing the formation of a
sense of self, students of intuitive practices are generally asked to begin by observing the gross
personal phenomena of which they are aware, such as breath, thoughts, emotions, or the flow
of nervous energy, all the while developing an individualized understanding that self-awareness,
while unmeasurable by any sensory-based instrument, is supremely physical, though of a
composition more subtle than atoms and waves of prana. As advanced practitioners, they can
then conclude firsthand that the substance of self is the foundation of the physical universe. Or
conversely, if the substance of self has been designated nonphysical, which is certainly
reasonable, then the universe must also be considered ultimately immaterial despite sensory
evidence to the contrary.
Since intuitive strivings have a great deal in common with outer scientific quests, it seems odd
to find so few intuitive scientists in our scientific age. One reason for today’s dearth of intuitive
scientists is that with scientific sensibilities and religious beliefs still at odds in cultures, genuine
science and spirituality remain unintegrated in individuals. Another difficulty is the inability of the
senses, feelings, and intellect alone to absolutely prove or disprove any theory, leaving even
scientifically educated people vulnerable to a sense of self so narrow it remains unaware of a
preponderance of inherent contradictions. A Christian fundamentalist theoretical physicist may
have no qualms about burning fossil fuels to drive to work, using petrified wood for bookends, or
taking his daughter to a museum to see dinosaur skeletons while believing the world is only a
few millenniums old. Relative inconsistencies are likely to thwart human progress until it is
discovered that the human body, as manifestation of a sense of self, is the ultimate laboratory,
because all knowledge is dependent on it.
So, while material and intuitive science parallel each other in the bigger picture of human
progress, for individuals they function as diverging avenues to knowledge, and development in
one does not imply advancement in the other. For progress to occur along both avenues, an
individual would need to consistently balance scientific material knowledge and self-knowledge
by building on past scientific discoveries and intuitively realizing that the human body expresses
a sense of self that is substantively connected to the selves of all things. Declaring that atoms
have arranged themselves in patterns allowing humans to feel, sense, and think neither
explains anything nor gives an enduring meaning to existence. But questioning the mechanics
of feeling, sensing, and thinking might reveal the science of intuition, the substance of self that
underlies an apparently individuated human identity, and the unifying “why” that humanity seeks
to know.
The view of human progress afforded by the cycle theory reveals the urgency of pressing
beyond Dark Age constraints in our spiritual investigations. With this in mind, balancing the two
avenues to knowledge calls for a mission similar to Kepler’s, Einstein’s, and Newton’s. Just as
they questioned and discarded past scientific assumptions, individuals can question
assumptions about their existence. The more we learn about the self from within instead of
relying on superficial intellectual explanations or religious dogma, the closer humanity will come
to an expansive knowledge that illuminates both the forms and forces of the cosmos and the
subtler substance of self.
CHAPTER THREE
An Alternative to Organized Religion
A Theory of Self
Men seek out retreats for themselves in the country, by the seaside, on the mountains. . . . But
all this is unphilosophical to the last degree . . . when thou canst at a moment’s notice retire into
thyself.
—Marcus Aurelius Antonius
Humanity today faces the challenge of investigating the path of intuitive knowledge for a more
unifying concept of self. Arriving at a comprehensive theory of self, however, is difficult since the
sense of self influences every form of inquiry and is by nature biased. Another dilemma is that
whereas past philosophers like Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx proposed theories
of human history, a theory of the human self must take into account their research, as well as
scientific discoveries and other present-day knowledge. Ironically, a good place to begin
searching for a theory of self may be in views of the ancients concerning reality and the self,
perspectives developed over several millennia and perhaps capable of helping us jumpstart our
search for an alternative to organized religion.
The ancients observed that human beings, as well as all other living things, are driven to reach
for eternality, continuation, and expansion, as was seen in the widespread hope for an afterlife
and the yearning for lasting happiness; desire for progeny and instinct for self-preservation; and
in the endless quest for knowledge and greater awareness. This observation prompted the
simple theory that the underpinning of the universe was in fact an eternal existence, awareness,
and joy, and that human compulsions reflected the presence of an underlying reality motivating
individuals to bodily achieve a more expansive sense of self and ultimately some semblance of
immortality.
Today, for good or ill, we live in a world that tends not to view an inherent drive for realizing an
infinite existence, awareness, and joy as a primary motivating force of human behavior. But an
expansive sense of self with no hope for an infinite apotheosis promises no personal
immortality, no omnipotent God to love us eternally, no chance of reuniting with departed loved
ones, or any glory other than working for the love of humanity during one brief life-span.
Whether due to selfishness or an inherent drive for infinitude, most people are not content to live
for all of humanity with death ensuring eternal oblivion. Desperately desiring an escape from
finitude and mortality, they seek promises of eternal paradise, reincarnation, or enlightenment to
motivate them emotionally and quiet them psychologically. To satisfy this craving, many adopt
religious beliefs. Yet even if religion’s future rewards are real, the human longing for infinitude
remains unfulfilled in the here and now. As a result, both those who do and do not identify with
promises of organized religion will continue to seek expansion and infinitude in many
ways—from fairly benign approaches that have no benefit to others, as in cosmetic restorations
of youthfulness, to more destructive ones that harm others, as in political or economic
domination. Perhaps the most destructive way to seek immortality is through exclusionary
beliefs that narrow the sense of self, instill feelings of superiority, and justify tyrannical
ambitions. Far from satisfying the drive for infinitude, exclusive promises of immortality
exacerbate the difficulty in developing an expansive sense of self by giving believers a rationale
for exploitation and violence toward others.
For the progress of society, religious institutions that seduce the drive for eternality with
dangerous promises must therefore be replaced; they cannot simply be removed, because no
amount of deconditioning and reeducation will stamp out the drive for a continuing happiness
any more than they can abolish awareness of our mortality. Moreover, religions must be
replaced by something that can both genuinely satisfy the drive for expansive knowledge and
universally instill a larger sense of identity. While thoughts of an expansive finite self do not
grant complete satisfaction, seekers investigating an avenue to intuitive self-knowledge might
come to know the source of the intellect and finite self-awareness and subsequently find
gratification by directing their drive for infinitude inward.
Though the finite self manifests in physical bodies, its source eludes scientific investigators, who
invariably end up grappling with the age-old question of how material bodies can have sensory
awareness, to whatever degree, of the cosmos from which they emerged. Otherwise, the self
appears from all material data to be an illusion. Scientists throughout history have attempted to
postulate how matter organizes itself to think, believe, feel, and act; evolution certainly selects
traits, but it does not address the origin of awareness. One clue can be found in that embodied
awareness is indirectly measurable by the flow of nervous energy, suggesting that the life of the
body is not in gross organs of perception but in the motions of subtler matter. From this
perspective, a human being’s sensory apparatus would be considered dead were it not for the
energy flowing through it and the presence of a faculty that interprets sensory data. The senses,
then, are necessary for awareness of the phenomenal world and of an experience of self
circumscribed by body consciousness, but sensory awareness cannot be the origin of
self-awareness when it is not even its own source. Neither can the sense of self be its own
source, for if it were it would not be in constant flux.
While energy pouring into the senses from the cerebrospinal axis connects the brain to the
sensory world, the human sense of self can survive without sensory faculties, legs and arms,
genitals, and even internal organs as long as the nerve plexuses in the spine and brain remain
functional; excessive damage to the spine and brain leads to death of the body. In effect, both
life and the sense of self depend on the spine and brain and are inseparable, even during sleep
or a coma. Modern science has discovered, however, that the finite self is not merely a
physiological by-product of the spine and brain, indicating that while a sense of self relies on the
spine and brain, self-awareness cannot be limited to them. What, then, is the source of the finite
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