Grammarway 1 kitobining o’zbekcha

Botir Muhammadnur

Mundarija/Contents

1. 
   Unit 1.1 Otlarni ko’plikka aylantirish.
   

Plurality of Nouns 8
Unit 1.2 Sanalmaydigan otlar - Uncountable nouns 11

2. 
   Unit 2.1 Kishilik omoshlari – Personal Pronouns 13
   

Unit 2.2 To be fe‘li –am, is, are 15

3. 
   Unit 3.1 Noaniq va aniq artikl a,an,the -
   

Indefinite and definite article 17
Unit 3.2 Ko’rsatish olmoshlari-Demonstrative pronouns 20

4. 
   Unit 4.1 Have got/Has got 22
   

Unit 4.2 Can modal fe’li 23

5. 
   Unit 5.1 Qaratqich kelishigi -Possessive case 25
   

Unit 5.2 Egalik olmoshlari va ularning mustaqil shakli-
Possessive adjectives/pronouns 27

6. 
   Unit 6 Hozirgi davomli zamon-Present Continuous 28
   
7. 
   Unit 7.1 Object pronouns-Obyekt olmoshlari. 30
   

Unit 7.2 The Imperative-Buyruq mayli 31

8. 
   Unit 8.1 There is/are 33
   

Unit 8.2 Gumon va bo’lishsizlik olmoshlari-
Some/Any/No 35

9. 
   Unit 9.1 Hozirgi oddiy zamon-Present Simple 38
   

Unit 9.2 Hozirgi oddiy zamon yoki hozirgi davomli ?
Present Simple vs Present continuous 41

10. 
    Unit 10.1 Miqdor olmoshlari-A lot of,much,many 43
    

Unit 10.2 A few/few, A little/little 44

11. 
    Unit 11.1 Tobe fe’lining o’tgan zamon shakli
    

Past simple ofto be 45
Unit 11.2 Have/has fe’lining o’tgan zamon shakli-
Past simple of have/has 47

12. 
    Unit 12 Oddiy o‘tgan zamon-Past simple 53
    

4

13. 
    Unit 13.1 Hozirgi tugallangan zamon-Present Perfect 56
    

Unit 13.2 O‘tgan oddiy zamon yoki Hozirgi tugallangan zamonmi?-Past simple versus Present perfect 59

14. 
    Unit 14.1 O’rin-payt predloglari-
    

Prepositions of time and place 60
Unit 14.2 Harakat yo‘nalishi predloglari-
Prepositions of movement 64

15. 
    Unit 15.1 Future Simple-Kelasi oddiy zamon 65
    

Unit 15.2 Be going to(-moqchi) va Hozirgi davomli zamon-
Be going to and Present Continuous 67

16. 
    Unit 16.1 Sifat va Ravish - Adjective and Adverb 69
    

Unit 16.1 Sifat va ravishning darajalari –
Degrees of adjective and adverb 71

17. 
    Unit 17.1 Umumiy va Maxsus savollar 76
    

Yes/No and Wh questions 76
Unit 17.2 Tasdiq so‘roq gap -Tag questions 80

18. 
    Unit 18.1 Modal fe’llar Can/could/may -Modal verbs 82
    

Unit 18.2 Must/Musn’t/Needn’t 84

19. 
    Unit 19.1 Infinitive-To do/Enough/Too 86
    

Unit 19.2 Gerundiy-Doing 88

20. 
    Unit 20 Both/Neither/All/None 90
    

Ingliz tilida, xuddi o‘zbek tilida bo‘lgani kabi otning ikki xil
son shakli mavjud:

1. 
   birlik, b) ko‘plik.
   

Birlik shakl bir dona otni bildiradi. Ko‘plik shakl esa ot- ning ikki yoki undan ortiq miqdorini ifodalashga xizmat qila- di. O‘zbek tilida otni ko‘plikka aylantirish uchun unga – lar qoshimchasini qo‘shish kifoya.
Masalan:
ruchka-ruchkalar, o‘quvchi-o‘quvchilar kitob-kitoblar, do‘st-dostlar vahokazo
Ammo ingliz tilida otning ko‘plik shakli bir necha yo‘llar orqali amalga oshiriladi.

1. 
   Ingliz tilida otning ko‘plik shaklini yasash uchun unga-s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
   

Masalan:

a pen-pens, a pupil-pupils a book-books, a friend- friends

2. 
   Agar otning oxirgi harfi -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o harflariga tugasa, ko‘plik yasash uchun otga -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
   

Masalan:
A bus-buses, a class – classes, a dish-dishes,
a box – boxes, a tomato-tomatoes a match – matches,


6
Ammo oxirgi harfi - o ga tugasa ham -es o‘rniga faqat -s qo‘shimchasini oladiga istisnoli(qoidaga bo’ysunmaydigan)so‘zlar ham bor. Ular quyidagilar:
A piano-pianos, a radio-radios, a video-videos, A photo-photos, a hippo-hippos, a rhino-rhinos
ESLATMA! Otlarni ko‘plikka aylantirayotganda birinchi ushbu so‘zni istisnoli shakli bor yo‘qligini tekshirib, yo‘q bo‘lsa keyin oxirgi harfiga qarab ko‘plikka aylantirish kerak.

3. 
   Agar ot -y harfiga tugab -y dan oldin undosh harf kel- sa, ko‘plik yasash uchun -y harfi tushirib qoldiriladi va -ies qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
   

Masalan:

a city – cities, a baby – babies
Agar so‘zning oxirida kelgan -y harfi unli harfdan keyin kel- sa, ko‘plik yasash uchun -s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi. Masalan:
a toy – toys, a day – days, a boy – boys

4. 
   Oxirgi harfi -f, -fe bo‘lgan otlarning ko‘plik shaklini ya- sash uchun -f,-fe lar tushirib qoldiriladi va o‘rniga -ves qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
   

Masalan:

a leaf - leaves, a wolf - wolves a knife - knives, a wife – wives