Guide to English grammar

I order/request you to leave the building.
I declare this supermarket open.

3. 
   With a few verbs we can use the present continuous.
   

Don't come too close, I warn you/I'm warning you.
We propose/are proposing a compromise.


17 Negative statements

1 Use
This text contains some negative statements.

FRANKENSTEIN

In 1818 Mary Shelley wrote a famous book called “Frankenstein”. But there was no monster called Frankenstein, as is popularly believed. Frankenstein was not the name of the monster but the name of the person who created the monster. The word “Frankenstein” is often used to mean “monster” by people who have not read the book. Another mistake is to talk of “Doctor Frankenstein”. Frankenstein was never a doctor. Mary Shelley's hero did not study medicine - he studied science and mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt in Bavaria. There really is a place called Ingolstadt. There is also a place called Frankenstein, which might or might not have given the author the idea for the name.
The negative statements correct a mistaken idea, such as the idea that the monster was called Frankenstein. In general, we use negative statements to inform someone that what they might think or expect is not so.

2 Not with a verb

1 In the most basic kind of negative statement, not or n't comes after the (first) auxiliary. We write the auxiliary and n't together as one word.
Some people have not read the book.
The monster wasn't called Frankenstein.
That might or might not have given the author the idea for the name.

2 There must be an auxiliary before not. In simple tenses we use the auxiliary verb do.

I don't like horror films. (NOT I like not horror films.)
The hero did not study medicine. (NOT The hero studied not medicine.)

A practical guide to English grammar 17

Be on its own also has not/n't after it.
East London is not on most tourist maps.
These shoes aren't very comfortable.

3 Look at these forms.

Positive was called have read might have given like/do like studied/did study

Negative Full form was not called have not read might not have given do not like did not study

Negative Short form wasn't called haven't read mightn't have given don't like didn't study

We cannot use no to make a negative verb form.
The bus didn't come. (NOT The bus no came.)

3 Not in other positions

Not can come before a word or phrase when the speaker is correcting it.
I ordered tea, not coffee.
That's a nice green. -It's blue, not green.
Is there a meeting today? -Not today - tomorrow.
Not can also come before a noun phrase with an expression of quantity (many) or before a phrase of distance or time.