How to manage classroom content introduction

Guidelines for primary school teachers on individual activities with students.

The main function in the work of the class teacher is to protect the child and create conditions for the development of his spiritual and physical abilities. Protecting a child means not only assisting him in solving the problems of maintaining and strengthening health, education, relationships with parents, teachers, comrades, but also creating opportunities for revealing all the best in himself, developing his abilities. This position of the teacher is fundamental in working with children. [25]
Let's highlight the classification individual activities with children. Individual activities are classified into: activities for ensuring the health of schoolchildren, activities for communication, activities in the field of education and leisure activities. Let's consider each of them specifically.
Activities of the class teacher to ensure the health of schoolchildren. In order for a child to be spiritually and physically healthy, you need to master physical culture yourself, know your body, and be able to maintain it in a healthy state. In addition, the teacher must know the psychological and physiological characteristics of the development of the child at different age stages, know the main signs of physiological disorders in the body of children, understand the causes of deviations in health, engage in self-education in this area. The class teacher during all the years of working with the class must study the state of health and developmental features of each child. To do this, it is necessary to regularly get acquainted with the medical records of students, "health sheets", in which doctors indicate pathological, chronic diseases of students, as well as doctor's consultations. Together with the psychologist, the class teacher conducts tests to identify the student's character traits, determine the temperament and other features of his personality, and also monitors the behavior of each student. All this allows the class teacher and teachers to determine feasible requirements for each student that correspond to his state of health and personal characteristics. Together with the school doctor ( health worker) and parents, the class teacher helps the student organize his own lifestyle. [29]
Communication with the class teacher. If the class teacher wants to understand the situation of each child in various areas of communication: in the family , at school, in the extracurricular environment; to correct relations between children, then he himself needs to own a communicative culture, which includes the ability to objectively perceive the people around him, developed reflection (introspection), and fluency in speech. All the work of the class teacher on the formation of a culture of communication in children will not give positive results if it is carried out without observing the norms of morality in relationships. The problem of morality should permeate all areas of the teacher's activity. The formation and development of the child's personality on the foundation of universal human values is the basis of the teacher's creativity. First of all, the class teacher should study the children, their relationships, problems in communication. To do this, during conversations with parents, it is necessary to understand what are the features of the environment in which the child is brought up, what is the dominant style of the relationship of parents with him, what is the position of the child in the family, what are the hereditary character traits. The class teacher conducts testing and sociometric research that reveals the relationship of children in the class, in particular the relationship of boys (boys) and girls (girls), “leaders” and “outcasts” of the class. Studying the individual character traits of the child, observing him in various life situations, the class teacher seeks to understand the student, identify his problems and help solve them, because. the unfavorable position of the child can lead to the appearance of mental complexes, contribute to the emergence of psychological breakdowns, which endangers his health, and hence his development. Having studied the features of the child's communication, the class teacher must very tactfully help him in resolving communication problems, create conditions for correcting the student's relations with classmates, adults, and create conditions for self-affirmation in the team. If you want to be successful, you don't have to moralize; try to explain the consequences of the act, show how it will affect people close to the child and on himself. Confidential conversations help the student gain self-confidence, show that he has a chance to correct negative traits. [7]
The activities of the class teacher in the field of education. To help the child in learning, the class teacher needs to find out his learning opportunities, namely: features of thinking, the ability to highlight the main thing; independence, the ability to rationally plan their educational activities; interests, inclinations; performance level; knowledge of previous educational material; as well as the features of his educational motivation, in particular: awareness of the need for educational activities; motives for improving the quality of education. [5]
It is necessary to identify the reasons for lagging behind in studies, which may include: health status; lack of living conditions conducive to the quality of homework; gaps in knowledge and skills, lack of certain training skills; shortcomings of teaching; lack of interest in the subject; problems related to the volitional sphere; inattention. [14]
Some of the listed reasons can be helped by a teacher-psychologist to identify the class teacher. He is also able to assist in testing to identify cognitive interests, abilities, features of thinking, memory, attention and will.[16]
Conversations with parents also help to explain some of the features of the child's development. It is important to understand how the student is helped by his parents; whether he is forced to do homework or does it himself, how successful study at home is stimulated, what kind of help the family needs from the teacher. Together with parents, the class teacher contributes to the development of cognitive interests in the child. For this purpose, discussions of films, TV shows, books, writing fairy tales and stories, observing nature are held. [18]
Equally important is the extent to which the child is helped to learn by his classmates, comrades; to what extent he himself is able to help others learn. [4]
As a result of collecting information, the class teacher has significant material that characterizes the individual learning abilities of the child, the features of his educational motivation, which gives him the opportunity to purposefully build his individual work with the student. Such information is also necessary for the organization of joint work of the class teacher with subject teachers to assist the student. To this end, it is recommended to hold pedagogical councils of teachers working in this class, to organize consulting assistance in subjects for children who need it. [eleven]
Leisure activities Leisure is the time of students' rest and at the same time the time of development of their diverse abilities and interests, the time of communication with different people. When organizing leisure activities, the class teacher must observe the following rules: the forms and content of leisure activities are not imposed on schoolchildren, but are voluntarily chosen by them; leisure activities are built on the basis of self-government, the guys themselves act as organizers of their leisure; loads and forms of leisure activities alternate reasonably (for example, from a noisy disco to a calm communication of schoolchildren in a circle). [24]
To help students organize their leisure in an interesting and reasonable way, it is necessary: to study the needs of the children, their interests (through individual conversations, observations at recess , in class activities, outside of school; through testing, from classmates, friends, from conversations with parents) ; find out in which circles and sections they are engaged and whether classes in circles, sections correspond to the psychophysiological, physical, intellectual, communicative abilities of the child.[30]
Having identified the individual interests of the children and their capabilities, the class teacher should help the students in solving their problems, in choosing circles, sections, clubs (for those who still do not study anywhere, but want to).
Thus The teacher is not limited to the lesson and the conduct of education only at school. It is also important that the professionalism of the educator, the organizer is to master the largest number of forms of work and the ability to use them to solve a specific pedagogical problem with the maximum educational effect. “Piece-by-piece”, according to A.S. Makarenko, individual education is the highest aerobatics in the work of an educator, teacher, class teacher. To educate means to organize the activities of children. A person develops, forms his skills, behaviors, values, feelings in the process of modern activities with people and in the course of communication with them. Therefore, in order to achieve educational goals, the class teacher must be able to organize a variety of children's activities (teachers call it developing, educating), and for children it is their natural life.