How to Study

Step 4: Create a Temporary Outline
Once you have developed your temporary thesis, think about how
you might approach the subject in your paper. Jot down the various
issues you plan to investigate. Then come up with a brief, temporary
outline of your paper, showing the order in which you might discuss
those issues.
Chapter 7 
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How to Write Terrific Papers
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Step 5: Do Detailed Research
We’ve already reviewed library and online resources and how to take
advantage of them. Now, let’s talk about exactly how you’ll keep track
of all the resources and information you’ll gather for your paper.
There are two steps involved. First, you’ll create bibliography cards
for each source you want to review. Then, you’ll transfer all the infor-
mation from your bibliography cards to a single list—your working
bibliography.
This two-step method has been around since someone wrote the first
research paper, and with good reason: It works! It helps you conduct
your research in an organized, efficient manner and makes preparing
your final bibliography easier.
To create your working bibliography, you’ll need a supply of 3 
⫻ 5
index cards. You’ll also use index cards when you take notes for your
paper, so buy a big batch now. About 300 cards ought to suffice.
While you’re at it, pick up one of those little file boxes designed 
to hold the cards. Put your name, address, and phone number on 
the file. If you lose it, some kind stranger can (and hopefully will)
return it.
Start a systematic search for any materials that might have informa-
tion related to your paper. When you find a book, article, or other
resource that looks promising, take out a blank note card. On the front
of the card, write down the following information: