И. В. Арнольд лексикология современного английского языка Издание


Part One THE ENGLISH WORD AS A STRUCTURE



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Arnold I.V. The English Word

Part One THE ENGLISH WORD AS A STRUCTURE

Chapter 2. Characteristics of the Word as the Basic Unit of Language ... 27

§ 2.1 The Definition of the Word 27

§ 2.2 Semantic Triangle 31

§ 2.3 Phonetic, Morphological and Semantic Motivation of Words .... 33



Chapter 3. Lexical Meaning and Semantic Structure of English Words ... 37

§ 3.1 Definitions 37

§ 3.2 The Lexical Meaning Versus Notion 42

§ 3.3 Denotative and Connotative Meaning 47

§ 3.4 The Semantic Structure of Polysemantic Words 50

§ 3.5 Contextual Analysis 56

§ 3.6 Componential Analysis 57

Chapter 4. Semantic Change 60

§ 4.1 Types of Semantic Change 60

§ 4.2 Linguistic Causes of Semantic Change 71

§ 4.3 Extralinguistic Causes of Semantic Change 73



Chapter 5. Morphological Structure of English Words. Affixation 77

§ 5.1 Morphemes. Free and Bound Forms. Morphological Classification of

Words. Word-Families 77

§ 5.2 Aims and Principles of Morphemic and Word-Formation Analysis . . 81

§ 5.3 Analysis into Immediate Constituents 83

§ 5.4 Derivational and Functional Affixes 87

§ 5.5 The Valency of Affixes and Stems. Word-Building Patterns and Their

Meaning 90

§ 5.6 Classification of Affixes 96

§ 5.7 Allomorphs 101

§ 5.8 Boundary Cases Between Derivation, Inflection and Composition . . 102

§ 5.9 Combining Forms 104

§ 5.10 Hybrids 106

Chapter 6. Compound Words 108

§ 6.1 Definitions and Introductory Remarks 108

§ 6.2.1 The Criteria of Compounds 112

§ 6.2.2 Semi-Affixes 116

§ 6.2.3 “The Stone Wall Problem" 118

§ 6.2.4 Verbal Collocations of the Give Up Type 120

§ 6.3 Specific Features of English Compounds 121

§ 6.4.1 Classification of Compounds 122

§ 6.4.2 Compound Nouns 123

§ 6.4.3 Compound Adjectives 125

§ 6.4.4 Compound Verbs 126

§ 6.5 Derivational Compounds 127

§ 6.6 Reduplication and Miscellanea of Composition 129

§ 6.6.1 Reduplicative Compounds 129

§ 6.6.2 Ablaut Combinations 130

§ 6.6.3 Rhyme Combinations 130

§ 6.7 Pseudo Compounds 131

§ 6.8 The Historical Development of English Compounds 131

§ 6.9 New Word-Forming Patterns in Composition 133

Chapter 7. Shortened Words and Minor Types of Lexical Oppositions . . . 134

§ 7.1 Shortening of Spoken Words and Its Causes 134

§ 7.2 Blending 141

§ 7.3 Graphical Abbreviations. Acronyms 142

§ 7.4 Minor Types of Lexical Oppositions. Sound Interchange 145

§ 7.5 Distinctive Stress 147

§ 7.6 Sound Imitation 148

§ 7.7 Back-Formation 150



Chapter 8. Conversion and Similar Phenomena 153

§ 8.1 Introductory Remarks 153

§ 8.2 The Historical Development of Conversion 155

§ 8.3 Conversion in Present-Day English 156

§ 8.4 Semantic Relationships in Conversion 158

§ 8.5 Substantivation 161

§ 8.6 Conversion in Different Parts of Speech 162

§ 8.7 Conversion and Other Types of Word-Formation 163



Chapter 9. Set Expressions 165

§ 9.1 Introductory Remarks. Definitions 165

§ 9.2 Set Expressions, Semi-Fixed Combinations and Free Phrases .... 166

Changeable and Unchangeable Set Expressions 166

§ 9.3 Classification of Set Expressions 169

§ 9.4 Similarity and Difference between a Set Expression and a Word . . 174

§ 9.5 Features Enhancing Unity and Stability of Set Expressions .... 177

§ 9.6 Proverbs, Sayings, Familiar Quotations and Clichés 179




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