just 200 miles away from the Pacific Ocean, the White Mountains are home to one of this
country’s few high-elevation deserts. Located in the extreme eastern rain shadow of the Sierra
Nevada, this region receives only 12.54 inches of precipitation per year and experiences
temperatures between -20F and +50F. The peaks south of the Owens Valley, are higher up
than they might appear from a distance. Although most summits exist somewhere around
11,000 feet, snow-capped White Mountain Peak, for which the range is named, stands at
14,246 feet above sea level. That said, to reach areas of a pure bristlecone is an intense journey
all to itself.
H
With seemingly endless areas of wonder and interest, the bristlecone pines have become
subject to much research over the past half-century. Since the annual growth of these ancient
organisms directly reflects the climatic conditions of a particular time period, bristlecones are of
greatest significance to dendrochronologists or tree-ring specialists. Dating any tree is simple
and can be done within reasonable accuracy just by counting out the rings made each year by
the plant’s natural means of growth. By carefully compiling a nearly 10,000-year-old
bristlecone pine record, these patient scientists have accurately corrected the carbon-14 dating
method and estimated ages of past periods of global climate change. What makes this record
so special to dendrochronologists, too, is that, nowhere, throughout time, is precisely the same
long-term sequence of wide and narrow rings repeated, because year-to-year variations in
climate are never exactly the same.
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Historically the bristlecone’s remote location and gnarled wood have deterred commercial
extraction, but nothing on earth will go unaffected by global warming. If temperatures rise by
only 6 degrees F, which many experts say is likely this century, about two-thirds of the
bristlecones’ ideal habitat in the White Mountains effectively will be gone. Almost 30,000 acres
of National Forest now preserves the ancient bristlecone, but paved roads, campsites, and self-
guided trails have led only to more human impact. In 1966, the U.S.F.S reported over 20,000
visitors to the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, a figure which could exceed 40,000 today. Over
the past hundreds of thousands of years, this species has endured in one of the earth’s most
trying environments; they deserve our respect and reverence. As global climate change slowly
alters their environment, we as humans must do our part to raise awareness and lower our
impact.
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