Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons 
QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS 
FunEnglishwithme [phone] 
TEST 5 – The Origins of Laughter
Match each statement with the correct person.
NB 
You can use any letter 
more than once.
 
List of People 
A.
Provine 
B.
Zimmerman 
C.
Panksepp 
D.
Flamson 
1.
Babies and some animals produce laughter which sounds similar. 
2.
Primates are not the only animals who produce laughter. 
3.
Laughter can be used to show that we feel safe and secure with others. 
4.
Most human laughter is not a response to a humorous situation. 
5.
Animal laughter evolved before human laughter. 
6.
Laughter is a social activity. 
 
While joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, 
including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, laugh. The fact that they laugh suggests that laughter has 
been around for a lot longer than we have. 
There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. "Laughter evolved as a signal to 
others — it almost disappears when we are alone," says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of 
Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as "see you 
later", rather than anything particularly funny. And the way we laugh depends on the company we're 
keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. 
Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indicating flirtation or even 
submission. 
To find the origins of laughter, Provine believes we need to look at play. He points out that the 
masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and 
the original context is play. Well-known primate watchers, including Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall, have 
long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they produce is known as a pant laugh. It seems 
obvious when you watch their behavior — they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But after 
removing the context, the parallel between human laughter and a chimp's characteristic pant laugh is not so 
clear. When Provine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guessed 
correctiy what it was. 
These findings underline how chimp and human laughter vary- When we laugh the sound is usually 
produced by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on each 
inward and outward breath. The question is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own 
laughter? New research lends weight to the idea that it does. The findings come from Elke Zimmerman, 
head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in 
response to tickling during the first year of; their life. Using sound spectrographs to reveal the pitch and 
intensity of vocalizations, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same 
pattern.
Zimmerman believes the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter 
was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing 
associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of 
pleasure.
Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter. Humans and chimps share a common 
ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years ago, but animals might have been laughing long before that. 
More distantly related primates, including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social 
mammals can do too.
Scientists are currently testing such stories with a comparative analysis of just how common laughter 
is among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from 

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